Preparation and characterization of titanium suboxides as conductive supports of IrO2 electrocatalysts for application in SPE electrolysers

Siracusano, Salvatore; Baglio, V.; D’Urso, Claudia; Antonucci, V.; Aricò, A.S.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.05.094

Cited by 136 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…They are being used as corrosion-resistant electrode materials in batteries and electrolyzers. Many studies on their use as a durable Pt catalyst support for fuel cell application have been reported [14][15][16][17]. They are extremely corrosionresistant even at very high potential values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magneli phase Ti n O2n − 1 as corrosion-resistant PEM fuel cell catalyst support

Krishnan¹,

Advani

Prasad

2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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Magneli phase titanium suboxide, Ti n O 2n − 1 , with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area up to 25 m 2 g −1 was prepared using the heat treatment of titanium oxide (rutile) mixed with polyvinyl alcohol in ratios from 1:3 to 3:1. XRD patterns showed Ti 4 O 7 as the major phase formed during the heat treatment process. The Ti n O 2n − 1 showed excellent electrochemical stability in the potential range of −0.25 to 2.75 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode. The Ti n O 2n − 1 was employed as a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell catalyst support to prepare 20 wt% platinum (Pt)/Ti n O 2n − 1 catalyst. A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly was fabricated using the 20 wt% Pt/Ti n O 2n − 1 catalyst, and its performance was evaluated using H 2 /O 2 at 80°C. A current density of 0.125 A cm −2 at 0.6 V was obtained at 80°C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magneli phase Ti n O2n − 1 as corrosion-resistant PEM fuel cell catalyst support

Krishnan¹,

Advani

Prasad

2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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“…Carbon supports, which have been commonly used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), cannot be used due to the severe corrosion at such high potentials. 7,8 Tin oxide, 9 titanium oxide, 10,11 titanium carbide, 12 and silicon carbide-silicon, 13 among others, have been examined as supports for noble metal catalysts for the OER. The OER activities of iridium and/or ruthenium oxide nanoparticle (or nanodendrite) catalysts supported on antimony-doped tin oxide (Sb-SnO 2 ), which exhibited a relatively high electronic conductivity, have been examined by several groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable Mass Activities for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction at Iridium Oxide Nanocatalysts Dispersed on Tin Oxides for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysis

Ohno

Nohara

Kakinuma

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In order to reduce the amount of noble metal catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) while maintaining high efficiency, we synthesized new catalysts: IrO x nanoparticles dispersed on Nb-SnO 2 and Ta-SnO 2 supports with fused-aggregate structures. IrO x nanoparticles with a uniform size of ca. 2 nm were highly dispersed on these supports. The OER activities were evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in 0.1 M HClO 4 at 80 • C using a channel flow electrode cell. The IrO x /Ta-SnO 2 catalysts exhibited an apparent mass activity (MA) of 15 A mg Ir -1 for the OER at 1.5 V vs. RHE, which was 32 times higher than that of a conventional catalyst (mixture of Pt black and IrO 2 powders). This suggests a possible reduction of the loading of the noble metal anode catalyst to a level as low as 0.1 mg cm −2 at a voltage efficiency of 90% at 1 A cm −2 . © The Author Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind powers are sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels, although the electricity generation from such sources is intermittent in nature. Thus, the conversion and storage of surplus renewable electricity to other forms of energy are required for leveling of their large output fluctuations. Water electrolysis makes it possible to produce high purity hydrogen from renewable electric power and thus to level the output fluctuations when combined with stationary fuel cells. Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) has received much attention because of advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, even at high current densities, and a compact system with easy maintenance and start-up and shut-down, 1-3 compared to alkaline 4 and solid oxide electrolysis, 5 leading to the feasibility of on-site hydrogen production. Nevertheless, conventional PEMWE cells are very expensive due to their use of a large amount of noble metals such as Pt and/or Ir as electrocatalysts (2 mg Pt+Ir cm −2 or more in each electrode), in addition to their use of costly polymer electrolyte membranes. 3,6 To solve the catalyst problem, one possible approach is to use nano-sized catalysts highly dispersed on support materials in place of noble metal blacks with large particle sizes, typically over 50 nm. For the support material at the anode, high durability at the high potentials of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under acidic conditions is required. Carbon supports, which have been commonly used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), cannot be used due to the severe corrosion at such high potentials. 7,8 Tin oxide, 9 titanium oxide, 10,11 titanium carbide, 12 and silicon carbide-silicon, 13 among others, have been examined as supports for noble metal catalysts for the OER. The OER activities of iridium and/or ruthenium oxide nanoparticle (or nanodendrite) catalysts supported on antimony-doped tin oxide (Sb-SnO 2 ), which exhibited a relatively high electronic conductivity, have been examined by several groups.14-19 However, to our knowledge, the micros...

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“…There-fore, many of the recent studies have been focusing on developing highly active anode and cathode catalysts for SPEWE [10e20] with reduced noble metals content and overall cost. For example, oxides such as IreRu [13,14], IreSn [15e17], IreTa [14,18], IreRueSn [19] and IreRueTa [20], etc. were developed as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane electrode assemblies with low noble metal loadings for hydrogen production from solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis

Linkov

Bladergroen

2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Su, H. et al. (2013). Membrane electrode assemblies with low noble metal loadings for hydrogen production from solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis. AbstractHigh performance membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with low noble metal loadings (NMLs) were developed for solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water electrolysis. The electro-chemical and physical characterization of the MEAs was performed by IeV curves, elec-trochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Even though the total NML was lowered to 0.38 mg cm -2 , it still reached a high performance of 1.633 V at 2 A cm -2 and 80 o C, with IrO2 as anode catalyst. The influences of the ionomer content in the anode catalyst layer (CL) and the cell temperature were investigated with the purpose of optimizing the performance. SEM and EIS measurements revealed that the MEA with low NML has very thin porous cathode and anode CLs that get intimate contact with the electrolyte membrane, which makes a reduced mass transport limitation and lower ohmic resistance of the MEA. A short-term water electrolysis operation at 1 A cm -2 showed that the MEA has good stability: the cell voltage maintained at ~1.60 V without distinct degradation after 122 h operation at 80 o C and atmospheric pressure.

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Preparation and characterization of titanium suboxides as conductive supports of IrO2 electrocatalysts for application in SPE electrolysers

Cited by 136 publications

References 28 publications

Magneli phase Ti n O2n − 1 as corrosion-resistant PEM fuel cell catalyst support

Magneli phase Ti n O2n − 1 as corrosion-resistant PEM fuel cell catalyst support

Remarkable Mass Activities for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction at Iridium Oxide Nanocatalysts Dispersed on Tin Oxides for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysis

Membrane electrode assemblies with low noble metal loadings for hydrogen production from solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis

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