Preparation and characterization of Ti/Diamond electrodes

Fisher, V.; Gandini, Didier; Laufer, Stefan; Blank, E.; Comninellis, Ch.

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00116-9

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Boron-doped diamond (BDD) [100,101], i.e., silicon coated by a layer of synthetic diamond heavily doped with boron in order to obtain acceptable electric conductivity, has been proposed as anode for the degradation of organic compounds [102]. The oxidation process at BDD anodes involves production of HO • radicals scarcely adsorbed at the BDD surface: they consequently desorb and can attack the organic pollutant.…”

Section: Electrochemical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis with chemical and physical operations: A tool for improving the photoprocess performance

Augugliaro

Litter

Palmisano

et al. 2006

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Re

420

180

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Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a process of great potential for pollutant abatement and waste treatment. In order to improve the overall performance of the photoprocess, heterogeneous photocatalysis is being combined with physical or chemical operations, which affect the chemical kinetics and/or the overall efficiency. This review addresses the various possibilities to couple heterogeneous photocatalysis with other technologies to photodegrade organic and inorganic pollutants dissolved in actual or synthetic aqueous effluents. These combinations increase the photoprocess efficiency by decreasing the reaction time in respect to the separated operations or they decrease the cost in respect of heterogeneous photocatalysis alone, generally in terms of light energy. Depending on the operation coupled with heterogeneous photocatalysis, two categories of combinations exist. When the coupling is with ultrasonic irradiation, photo-Fenton reaction, ozonation, or electrochemical treatment, the combination affects the photocatalytic mechanisms thus improving the efficiency of the photocatalytic process. When the coupling is with biological treatment, membrane reactor, membrane photoreactor, or physical adsorption, the combination does not affect the photocatalytic mechanisms but it improves the efficiency of the overall process. The choice of the coupling is related to the type of wastewater to be treated. A synergistic effect, giving rise to an improvement of the efficiency of the photocatalytic process, has been reported in the literature for many cases.

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Section: Electrochemical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis with chemical and physical operations: A tool for improving the photoprocess performance

Augugliaro

Litter

Palmisano

et al. 2006

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Re

420

180

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show abstract

“…Several anodic materials have been investigated for the elimination of organic pollutants, including metaloxide anodes such as IrO 2 [26,27], PbO 2 [28][29][30][31], SnO 2 [23,32] and SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 5 [33]. More recently, the list of possible candidates has been further enriched with the involvement of Ti/Diamond (Ti/BDD) [34] and Si/ Diamond (Si/BDD) [35].…”

Section: List Of Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical incineration of oxalic acid: Reactivity and engineering parameters

2005

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Mass transfer measurements were carried out to test a disk-shaped parallel-plate electrochemical cell, based on a new design. The impinging-jet-cell concept, confined between parallel plates, was adapted to a configuration with one central inlet and several peripheral exit sections, leading to more effective hydrodynamics within the cell. Measurements of mass transfer coefficient were performed using the limiting diffusion current technique based on ferro-cyanide ion oxidation, and overall mass transfer coefficients were correlated to Reynolds numbers ranging from 30 to 200.A comparison with literature on similar devices showed higher mass transfer coefficients can be obtained in the cell described in the present work. From the mass transfer standpoint, this type of cell could be a valuable tool in electrochemical wastewater treatment applications.The electrochemical oxidation of oxalic acid was tested at different anode materials (Pb/PbO 2 , boron-doped diamond, Ti/Pt and Ti/IrO 2 -Ta 2 O 5 ), showing that the new cell design enables limitations usually encountered with conventional batch cells to be overcome. However, the nature of the anode material remains an important parameter for the elimination of organic substrates.

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“…A 1998 study carried out by Fisher et al discussed the present-day possibility of obtaining a BDD layer on a variety of substrates. 6 The characterization of BDD films is usually performed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for the analysis of surface topology and by Raman Spectroscopy for the quantification of sp 3 and sp 2 carbon phases, both formed in the final part of the CVD process. 7 BDD electrodes possess electrochemical properties significantly different from other allotropic forms of carbon that are used as electrode materials, such as pyrolytic graphite and vitreous carbon.…”

Section: Diamond and Diamond Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The water decomposition reactions on boron-doped diamond electrodes

Suffredini¹,

Machado²,

Avaca³

2004

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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As reações eletródicas que ocorrem em ambos extremos da extensa janela eletroquímica do eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro foram analisadas por curvas de polarização visando determinar as respectivas energias de ativação aparentes para a etapa determinante da velocidade em cada caso. Encontrou-se que a reação de desprendimento de hidrogênio ocorre por um mecanismo VolmerHeyrovsky, com a primeira etapa sendo a determinante da velocidade. A energia de ativação aparente foi calculada como sendo 150 kJ mol -1 , indicando a formação de um intermediário do tipo M-H, típico da etapa de Volmer. Por outro lado, a energia de ativação aparente para a reação de desprendimento de oxigênio foi encontrada como sendo 106 kJ mol -1, o que também indica a etapa de adsorção do mecanismo como a determinante da velocidade. Desta forma, demonstrou-se que a interação entre as moléculas de água e a superfície do eletrodo de diamante é fortemente inibida, o que explica a extensa janela de potenciais observada para este eletrodo.The electrochemical processes occurring at both edges of the wide electrochemical window of the boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode were studied by polarization curves experiments to evaluate the apparent energy of activation for the rate determining step in each reaction. It was found that the hydrogen evolution reaction occurs by a Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism with the first step being the RDS. Moreover, the apparent energy of activation calculated from the Tafel plots presented a value as high as 150 kJ mol -1 , indicating the formation of the M-H intermediate that is characteristic for the Volmer step. On the other hand, the apparent energy of activation for the oxygen evolution reaction was found to be 106 kJ mol -1 suggesting that the RDS in this mechanism is the initial adsorption step. In this way, it was demonstrated that the interaction between water molecules and the electrode surface is strongly inhibited on BDD thus justifying the extended potential window observed for this material.

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Preparation and characterization of Ti/Diamond electrodes

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

The combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis with chemical and physical operations: A tool for improving the photoprocess performance

The combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis with chemical and physical operations: A tool for improving the photoprocess performance

Electrochemical incineration of oxalic acid: Reactivity and engineering parameters

The water decomposition reactions on boron-doped diamond electrodes

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