Preparation and characterization of starch composites with cellulose nanofibers obtained by plasma treatment and ultrasonication

Abstract

The cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are novelly extracted via air plasma treatment combined with the ultrasonication procedure. This study prepares and characterizes the starch‐based biocomposites reinforced by CNF within the glycerol plasticized matrix. The application of starch‐based polymers is improved with fabricating a biocomposite of thermoplastic starch (TPS) as matrix and the CNF as reinforcement. After modifying the surface of the cellulose fibers (CF) by air plasma treatment, CNFs are extracted by using an ultrasonic bath. The CNF are studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The TPS/CNF composites are prepared using the high‐friction and hot‐compression procedure. Tensile test results and SEM images of the fracture surfaces show significant improvement of adhesion between CNF and TPS matrix compared to composites reinforced by neat CF. The thermogravimetric analysis shows a considerable decompositionat approximately 270–340°C.

Green Nanocomposites Based on Thermoplastic Starch: A Review

“…Native starch is a renewable natural resource, which can be extracted from different parts of the plants, such as seeds, fruits, leaves, tubers, and roots. It may come from a variety of vegetables and greens [ 56 ], including potato [ 34 , 46 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ], cassava [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ], maize [ 28 , 38 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ], wheat [ 58 ], pea [ 5 , 45 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ], tapioca [ 2 , 81 , 82 ], corn [ 33 , 35 , 36 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ], pomegranate [ 90 ], sweet potato [ 53 ], and avocado [ 91 , 92 , 93 ]. Figure 2 shows the world production of some of the mentioned sources, which ...…”

“…Native starch is a renewable natural resource, which can be extracted from different parts of the plants, such as seeds, fruits, leaves, tubers, and roots. It may come from a variety of vegetables and greens [56], including potato [34,46,[59][60][61][62][63][64], cassava [65][66][67][68][69][70][71], maize [28,38,[72][73][74][75][76], wheat [58], pea [5,45,[77][78][79][80], tapioca [2,81,82], corn [33,35,36,43,47,48,[83][84][85][86][87][88][89], pomegranate [90], sweet potato [53], and avocado [91]…”

“…The nanofillers that can be used for TPS reinforcement could be extracted from natural sources: cellulose [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], native starch [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], clays [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], and chitosan [ 49 ]. The most used nanofillers are natural montmorillonite (MMT), organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and cellulose nanofibers (CNF).…”

Study on the Preparation and Properties of Polyamide/Chitosan Nanocomposite Fabricated by Electrospinning Method

“…The evolution of new materials made by natural bers becomes a eld of exceptional inquisitiveness, mainly due to the importance of advanced materials. Hence, polymers reinforced by natural bers have fascinated too much attention among scientists in recent decades, owing to the demand for generating favorable environmental materials that have the ability to substitute the currently used materials [1][2][3].…”

“…Latterly, Kundu et al [21] deposit a few bilayers of chitosan and phytic acid to improve the ame retardant properties of polyamide fabrics. Furthermore, Plasma grafted polyamide has also been studied by grafting of chitosan oligomer on polyamide bers exhibiting excellent potential for biocompatible and antibacterial bers invention [22,23]. Moreover, Some particular researches on the miscibility of polyamide with chitosan following dissolution in formic acid are also carried representing the high interaction between the molecular chains of both polymers [24,25].…”