Preparation and characterization of SrTiO<sub>3</sub>–ZnTe nanocomposites for the visible-light photoconversion of carbon dioxide to methane

Ehsan, Muhammad Fahad; Ashiq, Muhammad Naeem; Bi, Feng; Bi, Yiqing; Palanisamy, Sivakumar; He, Tao

doi:10.1039/c4ra06828a

Cited by 50 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…26,27 The visible light was obtained from a 300 W Xe lamp (PLS-SXE300, Beijing) equipped with a 420 nm cut-off lter. The photoreduction system was described previously.…”

Section: Photocatalytic Reduction Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of 2D hydroxyl-rich carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic reduction of CO₂

et al. 2015

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Hydroxyl-rich g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets were prepared by ultrasonic exfoliation of bulk g-C 3 N 4 in water. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, time-resolved fluorescence decay spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photocurrent response. The results indicated that the bulk g-C 3 N 4 was exfoliated to five or six layers. The specific surface area increased from 8.66 m 2 g À1 for the bulk g-C 3 N 4 to 26.48 m 2 g À1 for the nanosheets. More importantly, the amount of hydroxyl group on the g-C 3 N 4 surface increased greatly upon ultrasonic treatment in water. Meanwhile, the separation rate of charge carriers was improved greatly and the conduction band potential shifts to a more negative value. All these can explain the enhanced activity of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets for visible-light photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 .

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“…26,27 The visible light was obtained from a 300 W Xe lamp (PLS-SXE300, Beijing) equipped with a 420 nm cut-off lter. The photoreduction system was described previously.…”

Section: Photocatalytic Reduction Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of 2D hydroxyl-rich carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic reduction of CO₂

et al. 2015

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“…This mayb edue to the crystalline nature of the obtained ZnTe, which exhibits al ow surface area (6.23 m 2 g À1 ). ExcessZ nTeo n the surfaceo fT iO 2 may agglomerate, as seen in our previous work, [38] and give rise to ad ecrease in the surface area. The more ZnTep resent in the composite, the lower the surface area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[38] The suspension was then saturated with CO 2 by bubbling of ultrapure CO 2 gas (99.999 %), followed by complete evacuation. This process was repeated three to four times to remove air and/or any preadsorbed species or gas impurities, which was also confirmed by using the attached gas chromatograph (GC).…”

Section: Photocatalytic Reduction Of Co 2 To Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover,t he narrow bandgap of ZnTec an also enablee xtended absorption of light into the visible range. [38] Experimental Section Chemicals All the materials and chemicals used for the synthesis of ZnTemodified TiO 2 photocatalysts were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OBu) 4 , 98 %) and hydrofluoric acid (HF,48%)were purchased from Aldrich.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visible‐Light Photoreduction of CO₂ to CH₄ over ZnTe‐Modified TiO₂ Coral‐Like Nanostructures

Ehsan

Khan

2017

ChemPhysChem

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Rapidly depleting fossil fuels and the related environmental issues are two alarming global concerns the world is facing today. To address these issues efficiently, future energy requirements need to be fulfilled by renewable and environmentally friendly resources. In this context, we report the ZnTe‐modified TiO2 photocatalysts with varying amounts of ZnTe (1.96, 16, and 65 %) for the photoreduction of carbon dioxide into methane under visible light. The hydrothermally synthesized photocatalysts have been characterized by using various techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis for surface‐area measurements. The photocatalyst with 1.96 % ZnTe shows the best results, which are attributed to its high BET specific surface area and the formation of a heterojunction at the interface, which can facilitate efficient charge transfer.

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“…ZnTe was a sensitizer for visible light, but the reason of quite high formation rate (44 μmol h −1 g cat −1 ; Table 3) from CO 2 to methane via electron transfer from CB of ZnO is not known and control reaction tests are needed. High-potential ZnTe was also combined with SrTiO 3 and formed methane from CO 2 and moisture ( Table 3) (40).…”

Section: Zn Cu-containing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances (2012–2015) in the Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Fuels Using Solar Energy: Feasibilty for a New Energy

Izumi

2015

ACS Symposium Series

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In this chapter, recent advances in photocatalytic CO 2 conversion with water and/or other reductants are reviewed for the publications between 2012 and 2015. Quantitative comparisons were made for the reaction rates in μmol h −1 g cat −1 to acertain the progress of this field although the rates depends on photocatalyst conditions and reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, and photon wavelength and flux). TiO 2 photoproduced methane or CO from CO 2 and water at rates of 0.1-17 μmol h −1 g cat −1 depending on the crystalline phase, crystalline face, and the defects. By depositing as minimal thin TiO 2 film, the rates increased to 50-240 μmol h −1 g cat −1 . Gaseous water was preferred rather than liquid water for methane/CO formation as compared to water photoreduction to H 2 . Pt, Pd, Au, Rh, Ag, Ni, Cu, Au 3 Cu alloy, I, MgO, RuO 2 , graphene, g-C 3 N 4 , Cu-containing dyes, and Cu-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were effective to assist the CO 2 photoreduction using TiO 2 to methane (or CO, methanol, ethane) at rates of 1.4-160 μmol h −1 g cat −1 . Metals of greater work function were preferred. By depositing as minimal thin photocatalyst film, the rates increased to 32-2200 μmol h −1 g cat −1 . The importance of crystal face of TiO 2 nanofiber was suggested. As for semiconductors other than TiO 2 , ZnO, Zn 6 Ti layered double hydroxide (LDH), Mg 3 In LDH, KTaO 3 , AgBr, carbon nanotube, and the composites of these were reported to form methane, CO, methanol, acetaldehyde from CO 2 and water at rates of 0.15-300 μmol h −1 g cat −1 that were comparable to rates using promoted TiO 2 . The band energy designs comprising appropriate conduction band for CO 2 reduction and valence band for water oxidation were made progresses in these semiconductors and semiconductor junctions in the three years. If H 2 was used as a reductant, Ni/SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 formed methane at 423 K under pressurized CO 2 + H 2 at a rate of 55 mmol h −1 g cat −1 . This rate was not enabled by heating the system under dark, suggesting photoactivated reaction followed by thermally-assisted reaction(s) via Ni-H species. As pure photocatalytic reactions from CO 2 + H 2 , methanol formation rates were improved up to 0.30 μmol h −1 g cat −1 by the doping of Ag/Au nanoparticles, [Cu(OH) 4 ] 2− anions, and Cu-containing dyes to Zn-Ga LDH. Furthermore, sacrificial reductants, e.g. hydrazine, Na 2 SO 3 , methanol, triethanol amine, and triethyamine, were also utilized to form CO, formate, and methanol at rates of 20-2400 μmol h −1 g cat −1 using semiconductor or MOF photocatalysts. Finally, similar to the integrated system of semiconductor photocatalyst for water oxidation and metal complex/enzyme catalyst for CO 2 (photo)reduction, two semiconductors (WO 3 , Zn-Cu-Ga LDH) were combined on both side of proton-conducting polymer to form methanol at a rate of 0.05 μmol h −1 g cat −1 from CO 2 and moisture. These promotion of photoconversion rates of CO 2 and new photocatalysts found in these three years have indicated the way beyond for a new...

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Preparation and characterization of SrTiO₃–ZnTe nanocomposites for the visible-light photoconversion of carbon dioxide to methane

Cited by 50 publications

References 41 publications

Preparation of 2D hydroxyl-rich carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic reduction of CO₂

Preparation of 2D hydroxyl-rich carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic reduction of CO₂

Visible‐Light Photoreduction of CO₂ to CH₄ over ZnTe‐Modified TiO₂ Coral‐Like Nanostructures

Recent Advances (2012–2015) in the Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Fuels Using Solar Energy: Feasibilty for a New Energy

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Preparation and characterization of SrTiO3–ZnTe nanocomposites for the visible-light photoconversion of carbon dioxide to methane

Cited by 50 publications

References 41 publications

Preparation of 2D hydroxyl-rich carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic reduction of CO2

Preparation of 2D hydroxyl-rich carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic reduction of CO2

Visible‐Light Photoreduction of CO2 to CH4 over ZnTe‐Modified TiO2 Coral‐Like Nanostructures

Recent Advances (2012–2015) in the Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Fuels Using Solar Energy: Feasibilty for a New Energy

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Preparation and characterization of SrTiO₃–ZnTe nanocomposites for the visible-light photoconversion of carbon dioxide to methane

Preparation of 2D hydroxyl-rich carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic reduction of CO₂

Preparation of 2D hydroxyl-rich carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic reduction of CO₂

Visible‐Light Photoreduction of CO₂ to CH₄ over ZnTe‐Modified TiO₂ Coral‐Like Nanostructures