Preparation and characterization of solid biopolymer electrolytes based on polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose acetate blend doped with potassium carbonate (K2CO3) salt

Substantial Proton Ion Conduction in Methylcellulose/Pectin/Ammonium Chloride Based Solid Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes: Effect of ZnO Nanofiller

“…For the ZN08 sample, the breakdown voltage was obtained at around 1.75 V. However, the potential stability window of the ZN08 sample reached 4.55 V. The stability window is obtained by measuring the extent to which the SPE shows no sign of decomposition. At this point the applied current remains constant even as the voltage increases [ 9 ]. Interestingly, both AC50 and ZN08 electrolytes were ideal for use in applications because the threshold breakdown voltage demand for battery and EDLC systems was around 1.0 V [ 58 ].…”

“…Besides, plant-based pectin (PC) is another biopolymer made from natural products, such as apples and berries, which are biodegradable and ecologically beneficial. In contrast to other polymers with bigger sizes and larger molecules connected to them, biopolymer pectin functions as a home, in which ions can move conveniently by elongating, owing to its smaller size and structural properties [ 8 , 9 ].…”

M3+/NaTiO3/PVA–chitosan nanocomposites (M = Ga, Ce, Nd or Er): novel solid polymer electrolytes for supercapacitors

“…Besides, a limited and controllable amount of heat may be generated by the storage device in the case of a thermal shock [1][2][3]. So, many research groups have attempted the use of green materials, i.e., natural biopolymers, in energy devices such as super-capacitors, fuel, and dye-sensitized solar cells [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…Besides, it can be used as a membrane for ultrafiltration, fuel cell applications (using methanol as a fuel), marine biomass, and commonly as a coating to protect the steel from corrosion [5,[18][19][20]. In addition, poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA is a synthetic biodegradable polymer applied in protective coatings, food sectors, pigments, and the fabrication of other synthetic polymers, and has recently been used as a host for some electrolyte materials in energy storage devices [11]. The hydrophilic nature of PVA and the existence of several -OH groups linked with the CH 2 -CH of its backbone give PVA the ability to form electrolytes [16].…”

“…Marf et al [6] studied the effect of glycerol (as a plasticizer) on the structure and electrical properties of 40 wt% NH 4 I/PVA-Ch, where increasing the amorphous regions led to conductivity enhancement. Both PVA and Ch form a homogenous, compatible blend of reduced crystallinity, compared with those of the solo polymers, due to the formation of H bonding, and hence improved conductivity [11]. Verga et al [13] found that loading H 3 PO 4 at 40 wt% into PVA(80%)-Ch(20%) blend achieved an activation energy of 0.12 eV and a maximum ionic conductivity of 9.45 × 10 -3 ( S cm −1 ) at 200 °C.…”