Preparation and characterization of Pt-CeO2 and Pt-Pd electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in the absence and presence of methanol in alkaline medium

Altamirano-Gutiérrez, A.; Fernández, Arturo; Rodríguez-Varela, F.J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.12.140

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The method with (EG) has resulted in the smallest mean particle sizes in the range between 4.6 and 6.6 nm, the electrocatalyst based on NaBH 4 provided the mean particle size ranging between 4.6 and 13.3 nm, while that based on HCHO has showed a mean particle size in the range 8.8 -22.9 nm [51].When CeO2 is added to Pt/C in Pt-CeO 2 /C electrocatalyst as in Figs. 3c,c' aggregated particles are shown, this could be attributed to the tendency of PtCeO 2 nanoparticles to form agglomerates [52]. TEM images of Pt-ZrO 2 /C electrocatalystare represented in Figs. (3d&3d') Pt particle size was found to be 3.49 nm which is little bit smaller than that of Pt/C (3.57 nm), this is somewhat similar to results obtained by Liu et al who found that; The particle size for Pt/C catalyst is 3.0 nm while that of Pt 4 ZrO 2 /C catalyst is 4.2 nm(31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Preparation and Characterization of Nano Structured Pt−MOx/C for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Medium

El–Khatib¹,

Fetohi

Amin

et al. 2017

Egypt. J. Chem.

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Pt-MOx/C (M = Ti, Ce or Zr) electrocatalysts was prepared for the purpose of developing a cheap and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using a mixture of ethylene glycol and sodium borohydride (EG + NaBH 4 ) as areducing agent. Pt/C was studied for estimation of metal oxides effect.Pt-CeO 2 /C-1 was prepared through single reducing agent ethylene glycol for studying the effect of changing the reducing agent on the activity of electrocatalysts toward ORR and for studying ORR kinetics. The electrocatalytic activity of the prepared electrocatalysts towards (ORR) was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) on a rotating disc electrode (RDE). Pt-ZrO 2 /C shows the best activity towards ORR among the studied electrocatalysts; the oxygen reduction current density for it is about 5 times; (5.84 mAcm -2 ) as that of Pt/C (1.26 mAcm -2 ). Pt-CeO 2 /C showed better ORR activity (2.24 mAcm -2 ) than Pt-CeO 2 /C-1(1.58 mAcm -2 ) indicating the great effect of changing the reducing agent not only on the electrocatalyst behavior towards ORR but also its particle size and the metal content of the resultant electrocatalysts. Oxygen reduction mechanism for Pt-CeO 2 /C and Pt-CeO 2 /C-1 was evaluated using through KouteckyLevich, they showed first-order kinetics with ORR not controlled solely by diffusion. XRD, EDX and TEM analyses were used to characterize the prepared electrocatalyst.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Preparation and Characterization of Nano Structured Pt−MOx/C for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Medium

El–Khatib¹,

Fetohi

Amin

et al. 2017

Egypt. J. Chem.

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“…Also, the reflections ascribed to the (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), (331), (420), (511) and (531) CeO 2 planes at nearly 2h = 28°, 33°, 47°, 56°, 59°, 77°, 79°, 95°and 115°( JCPDS, PDF#34-0394) respectively, clearly emerge in Fig. 1 [28]. Meanwhile, the main peak of Vulcan (2h = 26) at the Pd-CeO 2 /C catalysts in Fig.…”

Section: Electrochemical Set-up and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of supported and unsupported Pd–CeO2 nanostructured anode electrocatalysts for the formic acid and the glycerol oxidation reactions in acid media

et al. 2015

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The catalytic activity of Pd-CeO 2 /C and nonsupported Pd-CeO 2 electrocatalysts for the formic acid (FAOR) and glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) is evaluated in this work. The materials have been synthesized by pyrolysis in H 2 atmosphere at 300 and 600°C, with a nominal Pd:CeO 2 ratio of 1:1. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrates polycrystalline materials with particles sizes ranging from 11 to 14 nm (Pd) and 26 to 48 nm (CeO 2 ). Electrocatalytic measurements show a positive effect of dispersing the catalysts on Vulcan in the case of the FAOR, in terms of potential-current density profile and onset potential. While unsupported Pd-CeO 2 nanoparticles behave poorly, the Pd-CeO 2 /C anodes show a very high performance towards the FAOR. Particularly, Pd-CeO 2 /C obtained at 600°C shows a significantly high catalytic activity, with a higher mass current density than a comparable Pd/C electrocatalyst. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis undoubtedly demonstrates that the carbon support has an important effect on the oxidation states of Pd and CeO 2 , which in turns influences positively the catalytic behavior of Pd-CeO 2 /C catalysts. Furthermore, both supported and unsupported Pt-CeO 2 materials have shown no catalytic activity for the GOR. The results indicate that Pd-CeO 2 /C electrocatalysts can be considered as excellent candidate anodes for direct formic acid fuel cells.

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“…[23][24][25][26][27] A correlation of activity and composition has been found for AuPt alloys by Zhong's group, as they report a higher mass activity for the ORR for AuPt alloys having 60-80% Au, compared to Pt/C and Au/C in alkaline electrolyte. 23 Adzic et al have reported the excellent performance of Pd-containing cathodes in alkaline solutions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…[27][28] Therefore, it is important to evaluate the use of composite cathodes in A-PEMFCs and A-DAFCs which may give electrocatalytic advantages over monometallic Pt/C. Even though the use metal oxides such as CeO 2 has been encouraging, further research on alternative catalytic oxides may provide an insight on the development of Pt-based fuel cell cathodes.…”

Section: -15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Nickel Titanate-Modified Pt Nanostructured Catalyst for the ORR in Alkaline Media

Hernández-Ramírez

Sánchez-Castro

Alonso-Lemus

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electrocatalytic performance of novel Pt-NiTiO 3 /C catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is investigated for the first time. The cathode has been synthesized in a two-step procedure. Firstly, the NiTiO 3 co-catalyst is obtained via a wet-chemical method. Then, 20% Pt-NiTiO 3 /C electrocatalysts (Pt:NiTiO 3 ratio of 1:1 at. %) is prepared by irradiating a mixture of NiTiO 3 , Vulcan and Pt precursor for 4 min in a microwave apparatus. As a reference, a 20% Pt/C catalyst has been synthesized by the same procedure. XRD analysis confirmed a crystalline NiTiO 3 with particle size between 25-40 nm. It also indicates the formation of nanostructured Pt-NiTiO 3 /C having a Pt particle size of less than 2 nm. TEM results show the formation of homogenously dispersed Pt nanoparticles, with particle size of 2.3 nm. The linear scan voltammograms show a performance for the ORR of Pt-NiTiO 3 /C as high as that of Pt/C in KOH. The results suggest that the reaction proceeds following a four-electron transfer mechanism. Moreover, the mass and specific activities of Pt-NiTiO 3 /C are the same as those of Pt/C, demonstrating good performance with less Pt. Furthermore, ORR selectivity tests show an enhanced tolerance of Pt-NiTiO 3 /C to 0. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEMFCs) and Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFCs) are energy-producing devices with high conversion efficiency and zero or very low emission of greenhouse gases. 1-2Due to the feasibility of using H 2 as sustainable fuel or the alternative use of low-molecular weight liquid fuels with high energy density (for example CH 3 OH and C 2 H 5 OH), fuel cell systems have called the attention of research groups worldwide.1-5 Because of these energetic advantages compared to traditional heat engines, PEMFCs and DAFCs are promising as power sources for transportation, as well as portable and stationary applications. [3][4][5] Over the last decades, mostly acid membranes have been used during the development of PEM fuel cells. 6 However, recent advances in the synthesis of chemically stable anion-exchange membranes have open the opportunity for the development of Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) fueled with H 2 or organic molecules (A-PEMFCs and ADAFCs, respectively). [7][8][9][10] AFCs are also of technical interest because their atmosphere is less corrosive than the operating conditions found inside PEM fuel cells, theoretically ensuring a longer life-cycle. 11-15Even more, the kinetics of the cathode reaction is faster in alkaline media than the analogous reaction in acid environment. 10,16,17 Nevertheless, the use of noble metals is highly relevant in the progress of A-PEMFCs and A-DAFCs, where electrocatalyst based on Pt are still widely used. 10,[16][17][18][19][20][21] This is particularly important in the case of the ORR, several orders of magnitude slower than the hydrogen oxidation reaction. In order to reduce the costs of cathode electrocatalysts, the amount of noble metal must be decreased, yet sustaining a high catalytic activity for the ORR. In addition to suc...

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Preparation and characterization of Pt-CeO2 and Pt-Pd electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in the absence and presence of methanol in alkaline medium

Cited by 56 publications

References 33 publications

Preparation and Characterization of Nano Structured Pt−MOx/C for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Medium

Preparation and Characterization of Nano Structured Pt−MOx/C for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Medium

Evaluation of supported and unsupported Pd–CeO2 nanostructured anode electrocatalysts for the formic acid and the glycerol oxidation reactions in acid media

Evaluation of the Nickel Titanate-Modified Pt Nanostructured Catalyst for the ORR in Alkaline Media

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