Preparation and characterization of proton conducting polysulfone grafted poly(styrene sulfonic acid) polyelectrolyte membranes

Anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells: A review

“…Because of their high chemical stability, polyether sulfone (PSU) membranes (Fig. 29) are commonly used in many domains such as nanofiltration, gas separation, and particularly cationic and anionic fuel cells [209][210][211][212][213][214]. Zschocke and Quellmalz [67] demonstrated the excellent chemical properties of PSU, by soaking the PSU membrane in NaOH (40 wt.%) at 70-80 • C during 300 h.…”

A novel and efficient procedure for the preparation of 4,4′-bis(chloromethyl)biphenyl by chloromethylation of biphenyl catalyzed by PEG1000-DAIL under homogeneous catalysis in aqueous media

“…During the process of chloromethylation, the oil-water biphasic system disappears and a homogeneous reaction medium is formed. It is considered that the activation of formaldehyde is a first step for the enhancement of the chloromethylation [37,46]. Firstly, depolymerization of paraformaldehyde by acid catalysis of hydrochloric acid yields formaldehyde which reacts with proton (H + ) to yield hydroxymethyl cation ( + CH 2 OH) and the electrophilic substitution reaction mainly occurs by subsequent attack of the + CH 2 OH on benzene ring of aromatic hydrocarbons to give aromatic carbinol; then the resulting alcohol under the action of acid gives a benzyl carbonium ion and water very rapidly; finally, the benzyl carbonium ion reacts with anions Cl À to yield the desired product.…”

Development of polyaniline-modified polysulfone nanocomposite membrane

“…hydrophilic polymers and/or by chemical modification of the membrane structure prior to use in aqueous separations. The approaches currently used for membrane surface modification include coating, surface graft polymerization, exposure to irradiation, interfacial polymerization, and etc (Deng et al 2011;Dong et al 2009;Patel et al 2009;Hegde et al 2011;He et al 2009). However, all approaches have extra processing steps to meet the goal for membrane surface modification.…”