Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Fe/N Co-Doped Titania

Abstract

Doping nitrogen in TiO 2 enhances photoresponse in visible light region while doping iron reduces the recombination of photo-induced electrons and holes. In this work, a simple procedure for preparing nitrogen and iron co-doped titanium dioxide nanocrystalline (Fe/N-TiO 2 ) by calcinating the mixture of Degussa P-25 TiO 2 , zero-valent iron (ZVI), and NH 4 Cl at the temperature of 400 • C under airtight condition. Characterization of Fe/N-TiO 2 was investigated by ESCA, XRD, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that ZVI was transformed to FeTiO 5 and Fe 2 O 3 while the absorption wavelength of Fe/N-TiO 2 was shifted to the visible light region for maximum of 561 nm, indicating the band gap narrowing by incorporation of the nitrogen and ZVI to TiO 2 .

Sol-Gel Hydrothermal Synthesis and Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation Performance of Fe/N Codoped TiO2 Catalysts

“…To determine whether codoping with Fe/N was successful, the surface of Fe/N-TiO 2 composites was examined through ESCA. The ESCA spectra of Ti 2p in Fe/N-TiO 2 shown in Figure 2 (b) reveal that the Ti 2p 1/2 and Ti 2p 3/2 peaks at 464.2 and 458.5 eV, respectively, were in a favorable agreement with those previously observed for Ti 4+ [ 17 ].The presence of N in TiO 2 particles was substantiated by the N 1s spectra and significant peaks around 400 eV, which can be attributed to the formation of anionic N in O−Ti−N linkages [ 18 ], whereas the iron peak (710 eV) was attributed to Fe 3+ , indicating the formation of Fe 2 O 3 [ 19 ]. Saha and Tompkins [ 20 ] investigated N 1s ESCA spectra during the oxidation process of Ti–N and assigned the peaks at 400 eV to be molecularly chemisorbed γ− N 2 .…”

“…The results indicate that Fe is present in the form of Fe 3+ by replacing Ti 4+ in the doped photocatalyst, which may change the charge distribution of atoms on the photocatalyst surface, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activity. By contrast, the decrease of Ti binding energy upon N-doping could be interpreted as the formation of O–Ti–N in the TiO 2 lattice [ 19 ], which indicates that nitrogen incorporation can successfully retard the charge recombination at the TiO 2 /dye/electrolyte interface. Additionally, the concentrations of Fe and N in Fe/N-TiO 2 determined using ESCA were 5.58 and 5.48 wt %, respectively, which were consistent with the theoretical expectation.…”

Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide as Visible-Light-Sensitive Photocatalyst: Designs, Developments, and Prospects

“…Toward higher photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO 2 , codoping of metallic or nonmetallic ions such as B, C, F, ,, Si, P, S, V, − Cr, ,− Fe, ,,− Co, − Ni, , Cu, − Y, Zr,Ag, Ta, W, − Pt, − Au, La, Ce, Pr, − Nb, and Sm ,, into N-doped TiO 2 have been conducted and reported in a significant amount of publications. Some of the codoping systems of nonmetallic ions into N-doped TiO 2 are described in section .…”

Liquid-phase non-thermal plasma-prepared N-doped TiO2 for azo dye degradation with the catalyst separation system by ceramic membranes

“…A plenty of researches have been conducted to enhance the visible light sensitization of TiO 2 , which has been the most promising photocatalyst for its photocatalytic activity, high stability, low cost, and non-environmental impact Hsu et al 2009). Among the viable doping elements or compounds for TiO 2 , the substitutional doping of nitrogen has been recognized to be one of the doi: 10.2166/wst.2010.334 most effective means for producing visible light irradiation effect Hsu et al 2007).…”