Preparation and characterization of modified and functional starch (hexadecyl corboxymethyl starch) ether using reactive extrusion

Abstract

Water‐soluble carboxymethyl starch (CMS) derivatives with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics were synthesized by reacting CMS with cetyl bromide (CB) using an extrusion process in an alkaline etherification reaction. A series of hexadecyl carboxymethyl starch ethers (HCSE‐ex) with degrees of substitution ranging from 0.0257 to 0.0701 were characterized under different reaction conditions based on their physical (morphology and viscosity) and thermal properties. FTIR, SEM, TGA, and X‐ray results confirmed that etherification produced high reaction efficiencies, and the derivatives exhibited excellent emulsification efficiency. The application of extrusion as an energy source resulted in a much reduced etherification time compared with traditional methods, down from several hours to several seconds, indicating the high potential of extrusion to improve and increase the efficiency of technological polysaccharide etherification.

Bionanocomposite films developed from corn starch and natural and modified nano-clays with or without added blueberry extract

“…Despite the advantages of extrusion, its use in the development of TPS as a food packaging material has been limited. This is possibly because the procedure is more complex for TPS than for other polymers, as its production from native and modified starch involves several transitions such as granule expansion, gelatinization, melting, decomposition and starch retrogradation (starch recrystallization) (Li et al, 2011;von Borries-Medrano, Jaime-Fonseca, & Aguilar-M endez, 2016;Xie et al, 2017).…”

Bionanocomposite Films Prepared from Corn Starch With and Without Nanopackaged Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Flower Extract

“…For these reasons, food packaging manufacturers prefer the extrusion process (Xie et al 2013). Nonetheless, the development of starch-based films by extrusion represents a challenge, as their production from native or modified starch is complex and involves several transitions such as granule expansion, gelatinization, melting, decomposition, and starch retrogradation (starch recrystallization) (Li et al 2011;von Borries-Medrano et al 2016;Xie et al 2017).…”

High-Solids, Solvent-Free Modification of Engineered Polysaccharides

“…All modifications of α-(1,3) glucan were first investigated at the micro scale in a Mettler Toledo TGA/DSC 1 HT instrument using 100 μL aluminum crucibles [ 22 , 23 , 25 ]. Approximately 50 mg of the premixed reactants (glucan, modifier and catalyst if any) were placed in the crucible, which was then sealed with a lid having a hole on the top of 2 mm diameter.…”

“…For example, the reaction of cellulose with succinic anhydride can be carried out in DMSO at 80–120 °C for up to 6 h resulting in DS ranging from 1.5 to 2.2, but the received substituted product is not melt-processable [ 19 , 23 ]. Alternatively, reactive extrusion has also been used for the acylation of cellulose or starch, where high temperature along with shear stress result in partial substitution of the used polysaccharide [ 24 , 25 ].…”