Preparation and characterization of microporous carbon spheres from high amylose pea maltodextrin

Anceschi, Anastasia; Magnacca, Giuliana; Trotta, Francesco; Zanetti, Marco

doi:10.1039/c7ra05343f

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Due to the capacity of including some FR components of low molecular weight in their cavities, BCD and BCD derivatives reduce the release to the environment of these species, resulting in an increase fire retardance activity and in more environmental friendly behavior. Introduction in FR formulation of relatively high molecular weight maltodextrin endowed with inclusion capacity and relevant charring can also be investigated in view of their fire retardance application [77].…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Green Char Promoters in Flame Retardants Formulations for Polymeric Materials. A Review

Luda

Zanetti

2019

Polymers

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Polymers are intrinsically flammable materials; hence, fire retardance (FR) is required in their most common applications (i.e., electronic and construction, to mention some). Recently, it has been reported that cyclodextrin (CD) and cyclodextrin derivatives are beginning to be introduced into Intumescent Fire Retardant (IFR) formulations in place of pentaerythritol, which is used in IFRs that are currently on the market. Since IFRs are of less environmental concern than their hazardous halogen containing counterparts, the use of natural origin compounds in IFRs provides a way to comply with green chemistry issues. BCD and BCD derivatives presence in IFR mixtures promotes a higher yield of blowing gases and char when polymeric materials undergo combustion. Both processes play important roles in intumescence. The key rule to obtain in insulating compact char is the good dispersion of the nanoparticles in the matrix, which can be achieved by functionalizing nanoparticles with BCD derivatives. Moreover, CD derivatives are attractive because of their nanosized structure and their ability to form inclusion complexes with many compounds used as FR components, reducing their release to the environment during their shelf life of FR items. Often, fire retardance performed by BCD and BCD derivatives accompanies other relevant properties, such as improved mechanical resistance, washability resistance, self healing ability, thermal conductivity, etc. The application of CD fire retardant additives in many polymers, such as poly(lactic acid), poly(propylene), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(methyl methacrylate), linear low density poly(ethylene), polyamides, and polyesters are comprehensively reviewed here.

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Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Green Char Promoters in Flame Retardants Formulations for Polymeric Materials. A Review

Luda

Zanetti

2019

Polymers

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“…Importantly, no additional bands at 1850 cm −1 and 1780 cm −1 can be seen in the cured fibers. These bands are ascribed to the C = O stretching of pyromellitic moieties formed by the scission of the ester bridge inside the Poly-βCD [36,37]. Their absence confirms that the thermal treatment does not damage the structure of the polymer in the fibers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

New Poly(β-Cyclodextrin)/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Electrospun Sub-Micrometric Fibers and Their Potential Application for Wastewater Treatments

et al. 2020

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Cyclodextrin (CD)-based polymers are known to efficiently form molecular inclusion complexes with various organic and inorganic guest compounds. In addition, they also have a great potential as metal complexes because deprotonated hydroxyls can strongly bind metal ions under alkaline conditions. The range of environmental conditions for polycyclodextrin/metal ion complexation can be extended by the polymerization of CDs with polyacids. This article describes the preparation and characterization of a new type of poly(β-cyclodextrin) (Poly-βCD) sub-micrometric fibers and explores their potential as metal ion sorbents. A water-soluble hyper-branched β-cyclodextrin polymer was blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and here used to improve the mechanical and morphological features of the fibers. Solutions with a different Poly-βCD/PVA ratio were electrospun, and the fibers were cross-linked by a post-spinning thermal treatment at 160 °C to ensure non-solubility in water. The fiber morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the curing process, and physical-chemical properties were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The capability of the insoluble cyclodextrin-based fibers to remove heavy metals from wastewaters was investigated by testing the adsorption of Cu2+ and Cd2+ using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results suggest that the poly(β-cyclodextrin)/poly(vinyl alcohol) sub-micrometric fibers can complex metal ions and are especially effective Cu2+ sorbents, thus opening new perspectives to the development of fibers and membranes capable of removing both metal ions and organic pollutants.

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“…The synthesis of both the samples leads to the formation of a solid block that can be ground before being purified in Soxhlet. In our previous works [ 28 , 29 ], it has been reported that from pyrolysis of powdered nanosponges it is possible to obtain microporous carbons with spherical morphology. In order to control the dimension and the formation of carbon sphere, the nanosponges were ground and sieved in four parts with different particle sizes: higher than 100 μm, between 100 and 71 μm, between 71 and 40 μm, and less than 40 μm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The β-cyclodextrin nanosponge (βNS) and Linecaps nanosponge (LcNS) were prepared dissolving 11.35 g of anhydrous βCD or Lc and 17.45 g of pyromellitic dianhydride in 100 mL of DMSO containing 2.7 mL triethylamine (19.4 mmol) and were allowed to react at room temperature for 1 h, as described elsewhere [ 28 , 29 ]. Once the reaction is over, the solid obtained could be ground in a mortar and Soxhlet extracted with acetone for 24 h.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, two types of nanosponges have been investigated: β-cyclodextrins nanosponges and amylose nanosponges both cross-linked with the pyromellitic dianhydride. In our previous studies [ 28 , 29 ], these two nanosponges have shown to be suitable precursors for the synthesis of microporous carbon materials with a quite high surface area (form 540 to 650 m 2 /g) and narrow pore size distribution (5–16 Å). Herein, we report how to obtain carbon monoliths and carbon microsphere controlling the nanosponge synthesis and the pyrolysis condition, tailoring the final shape and microstructure of the resulting carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Microspheres and Monolithic Microporous Carbons from the Pyrolysis of Template-Free Hyper-Crosslinked Oligosaccharides Polymer

et al. 2020

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Carbon-based materials with different morphologies have special properties suitable for application in adsorption, catalysis, energy storage, and so on. Carbon spheres and carbon monoliths are also nanostructured materials showing promising results. However, the preparation of these materials often require the use of a template, which aggravates their costs, making the operations for their removal complex. In this work, hollow carbon microspheres and carbon monolith were successfully prepared via carbonization of hyper-crosslinked polymer based on either cyclodextrins or amylose, in a template-free way. The carbons obtained are of the microporous type, showing a surface area up to 610 m2/g, and a narrow pore distribution, typically between 5 and 15 Å.

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Preparation and characterization of microporous carbon spheres from high amylose pea maltodextrin

Abstract: Porous carbon materials have attracted great interest for their many industrial applications.

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Green Char Promoters in Flame Retardants Formulations for Polymeric Materials. A Review

Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Green Char Promoters in Flame Retardants Formulations for Polymeric Materials. A Review

New Poly(β-Cyclodextrin)/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Electrospun Sub-Micrometric Fibers and Their Potential Application for Wastewater Treatments

Preparation of Microspheres and Monolithic Microporous Carbons from the Pyrolysis of Template-Free Hyper-Crosslinked Oligosaccharides Polymer

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