Preparation and characterization of gallic acid-loaded PLGA hydrogel as teat sealant for preventing mastitis in dry cows

Baipaywad, Phornsawat; Mektrirat, Raktham; Manaspon, Chawan

doi:10.7324/japs.2022.121104

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Gallic acid has demonstrated safety in cell culture and animal models, as evidenced by many studies ( 17 , 28 , 29 ). In our research, gallic acid exhibited cell viability exceeding 70% when tested on milk phagocytes, thereby establishing the safety level of gallic acid, particularly at a concentration of 50 μM applied to milk phagocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the potential immunomodulatory effects of gallic acid on milk phagocytes in bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Mektrirat,

Chuammitri,

Navathong

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus may exacerbate by resulting in significant economic losses and impacting milk quality. To date, the use of gallic acid, a phenolic compound naturally occurring in various plants, holds promise due to its potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in many pieces of literature, thus, making it a subject of interest in bovine innate immunity research. Here we used gallic acid to assess its potential immunomodulation on milk phagocytes in vitro challenges with mastitis-causing bacteria. Our findings indicated that cells exposed to gallic acid showed no harm to cell viability but might maintain the longevity of cells during the bacterial infection. Gallic acid-treated cells displayed reduced cell migration, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing ability, while showing an increase in ROS production, all of which are undoubtedly linked to the intracellular killing abilities of the cells. Nonetheless, the extracellular structure called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was significantly released after receiving gallic acid, representing extracellular killing. We also reported that gallic acid neutralizes inflammation by regulating specific pro-inflammatory genes (IL1B, IL6, TNF) and ROS-generating genes (CYBA, LAMP1, RAC1), subsequently preventing tissue damage. Regarding apoptosis-related genes and proteins, the increased production of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 family proteins could potentially promote the longevity of cells, implicated in the mechanism of combating bacterial invasion during udder inflammation and infection. The novel role of gallic acid on milk phagocytes highlights its potential immunomodulatory properties and contributes to our understanding of its effects on bacterial-host interactions, and provides valuable molecular insights.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the potential immunomodulatory effects of gallic acid on milk phagocytes in bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Mektrirat,

Chuammitri,

Navathong

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…150 The study conducted by Baipaywadi et al, 2022, suggested that Gallic acid loaded PLGA hydrogel can be used as a teat sealant for preventing mastitis in dry cows. 151 …”

Section: Current Preventive Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is AMR in Dairy Products a Threat to Human Health? An Updated Review on the Origin, Prevention, Treatment, and Economic Impacts of Subclinical Mastitis

Paramasivam¹,

Raj

Dhandapani³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Background Bovine mastitis is the most frequent and costly illness impacting dairy herds worldwide. The presence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows has an impact on the decreased output of milk and milk quality, culling of affected cows, mortality rate, as well as mastitis-related treatment expenses, generating significant financial loss to the dairy industry. The pathogenic bacteria invade through the mammary gland, which then multiply in the milk-producing tissues causing infection, and the presence of pathogenic bacteria in milk is concerning, jeopardizes human health, and also has public health consequences. Intervention to promote herd health is essential to protect public health and the economy. Results This review attempts to provide an overview of subclinical mastitis, including mastitis in different species, the effect of mastitis on human health and its pathogenic mechanism, the prevalence and incidence of subclinical mastitis, and current preventive, diagnostic, and treatment methods for subclinical mastitis. It also elaborates on the management practices that should be followed by the farms to improve herd immunity and health. Conclusion This review brings the importance of the threat of antimicrobial resistance organisms to the dairy industry. Furthermore, this review gives a glimpse of the economic consequences faced by the farmers and a futuristic mastitis market analysis in the dairy industry.

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“…In order to measure the absorbance at 570 nm, a 96-well ELISA plate reader was used. The percentage of cells in the positive control group that were absorbed (100 percent alive) was utilized to determine the cells' vitality [ 35 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer nanoparticles loaded with vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm

Nouruzi,

Hosseini,

Asghari

et al. 2023

BMC Biotechnol

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Staphylococcus aureus is a unique challenge for the healthcare system because it can form biofilms, is resistant to the host's immune system, and is resistant to numerous antimicrobial therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer nanoparticles loaded with vancomycin and conjugated with lysostaphin (PLGA-VAN-LYS) on inhibiting S. aureus biofilm formation. Nano drug carriers were produced using the double emulsion evaporation process. we examined the physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles, including particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, drug loading (DL), entrapment efficiency (EE), Lysostaphin conjugation efficiency (LCE), and shape. The effect of the nano drug carriers on S. aureus strains was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), conducting biofilm formation inhibition studies, and performing agar well diffusion tests. The average size, PDI, zeta potential, DL, EE, and LCE of PLGA-VAN-LYS were 320.5 ± 35 nm, 0.270 ± 0.012, -19.5 ± 1.3 mV, 16.75 ± 2.5%, 94.62 ± 2.6%, and 37% respectively. Both the agar well diffusion and MIC tests did not show a distinction between vancomycin and the nano drug carriers after 72 h. However, the results of the biofilm analysis demonstrated that the nano drug carrier had a stronger inhibitory effect on biofilm formation compared to the free drug. The use of this technology for treating hospital infections caused by the Staphylococcus bacteria may have favorable effects on staphylococcal infections, considering the efficacy of the nano medicine carrier developed in this study.

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Preparation and characterization of gallic acid-loaded PLGA hydrogel as teat sealant for preventing mastitis in dry cows

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Exploring the potential immunomodulatory effects of gallic acid on milk phagocytes in bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Exploring the potential immunomodulatory effects of gallic acid on milk phagocytes in bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Is AMR in Dairy Products a Threat to Human Health? An Updated Review on the Origin, Prevention, Treatment, and Economic Impacts of Subclinical Mastitis

Effect of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer nanoparticles loaded with vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm

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