Preparation and characterization of fire-extinguishing efficiency of novel gel-protein foam for liquid pool fires

Tian, Chang; Zhao, Jinlong; Yang, Junhui; Zhang, Yaobi; Yang, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.125949

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…This does not diverge from practical data, well known from work [2,5], the authors of which, by the way, also associate the effectiveness of extinguishing the flame of a flammable liquid with the formation of a layer of foaming agent on the surface of the burning liquid. In works [21,22], the authors also associate the elimination of fire with the neutralization of the oxidizer in the system "combustible oxidizing substance", or neutralization of high temperature [23,24].…”

Section: Discussion Of Results Of Studying the Process Of Mass Transf...supporting

confidence: 51%

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Determining the patterns of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a film-forming foaming agent

Tsapko,

Likhnyovskyi,

Tsapko

et al. 2023

EEJET

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An issue related to the use of foaming agents to extinguish fires involving flammable liquids is to ensure the efficiency of vapor insulation of flammable liquid and the foam stability during operation. Therefore, the object of research was a change in the insulating properties of the foaming agent film when interacting with a polar combustible substance. It has been proven that the presence of foaming agent on a flammable liquid leads to the formation of an insulating film on the surface resistant to the combustion temperature of the liquid, due to which re-ignition shifts towards longer time. A film of foaming agent was formed on the surface of the flammable liquid by leaking from the screen, which led to the insulation of the surface. The measured contact area of the foaming film with the electrode was more than 6.2·10-3 m2, which indicates the formation of a barrier for temperature, which collapses over time. According to experimental data on changes in electrical resistance, the critical contact area of the foaming film with the electrode was calculated, at which the film is destroyed. Based on the derived dependences, the change in the process of mass transfer of the foaming film to a flammable liquid was calculated, equal to about 800 s. The maximum possible mass transfer of the foaming agent into the flammable liquid and the reduction of insulation capacity were evaluated. The peculiarities of foam supply to the surface of alcohol through the screen are that the quenching time was about 156 s while the critical intensity of the supply of the working solution of the foaming agent was 0.054 dm3/(m2·s). And the time interval before re-ignition was about 470 s, which is enough to cool the fire site. Thus, there is reason to assert the possibility of targeted control over the processes of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a foaming agent

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Section: Discussion Of Results Of Studying the Process Of Mass Transf...supporting

confidence: 51%

“…In study [2], a new gel-protein foam was produced. The microstructure, foaming, stability, and water-holding capacity of gel-like protein foam were systematically analyzed to determine the top three compositions.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the patterns of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a film-forming foaming agent

Tsapko,

Likhnyovskyi,

Tsapko

et al. 2023

EEJET

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“… 20 Wu et al 21 combined the advantages of foam, gel, and inert gases to develop a gel foam that markedly reduced reignition after extinguishing a fire. Tian et al 22 prepared a new type of gelatin protein foam that physically outperformed the commercial film-forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP). Tang et al 23 established the optimal concentration of the foam components, SDBS, guar gum, and MgCl 2 to produce a fire-retardant gel foam that works by inhibiting the reaction of coal–oxygen complexes, thus accomplishing a flame-retardant effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Inhibition Characteristics of Coal Spontaneous Combustion by Silica Gel Foam

Zhang,

Wen

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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The spontaneous combustion of residual coal in abandoned mining areas severely affects the safe and efficient extraction of coal, employee occupational health, and regional environmental ecology. A technical measure for preventing and controlling the spontaneous combustion of residual coal involves injecting antispontaneous combustion materials into abandoned areas. In this study, the composition, preparation, and mechanism of action of silica gel foam, a material used to suppress spontaneous combustion during coal mining, were investigated to improve the performance of materials designed to prevent spontaneous combustion in abandoned areas. The inhibitory efficiency improved, and the mechanical strength and stability of the foam liquid film increased upon adding modified antioxidants and nanosilica particles to the gel foam. Macro performance tests, microstructural characterization, and chemical inhibition mechanism analyses verified the efficacy of silica gel foam for suppressing spontaneous combustion. The air leakage resistance of the silica gel foam effectively increased the air leakage resistance of the coal samples at different pressures. New radicals formed during the spontaneous combustion of coal comprising different inhibitors, as indicated by the g-factor results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis; the formation of radicals initially decreased and then increased when the inhibitor material changed. The concentration of free radicals decreased markedly during the spontaneous combustion process of both raw and inhibited coal samples at low oxidation temperatures (∼60−100 °C), indicating a marked inhibitory effect.

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“…Recently, much research on fluorine-free fire-fighting foam that entirely eliminated the fluorocarbon surfactants in foaming agents was carried out, 3,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] including silicone surfactant foam, protein foam, and nanoparticle stabilized foam. However, it has not yet been successfully developed a fluorine-free fire-fighting foam with fireextinguishing and burnback performance comparable to the current fluorinated AFFF, especially for liquid fuel with low flash points such as n-heptane and gasoline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo‐responsive fluorine‐free foam stabilized by PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer (EO)₁₀₀(PO)₆₅(EO)₁₀₀ for pool fire suppression

Qiu

et al. 2023

SmartMat

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Research and development of novel fluorine‐free materials to replace fluorinated aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF) are crucial for improving pool fire suppression performance and protecting the environment. In this study, we report the thermo‐responsive fluorine‐free foam stabilized by triblock PEO–PPO–PEO copolymers (EO)100(PO)65(EO)100 for pool fire suppression. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and reflected light interferometric techniques are conducted to study the molecular self‐assembly in bulk and film thinning behavior, and the foaming kinetics of copolymer solution and thermophysical properties of the liquid foam are studied by dynamic surface tension and oscillatory rheology analysis. At room temperature, the amphipathic structure of PEO–PPO–PEO makes it possible to absorb at the air–liquid interface forming large‐scale liquid foams containing the mobile films with a detergent state. Upon heating to the surface cooling temperature of burning oil, the mobile films can be actively switched into mechanically strong films with rigid surfaces. The in situ switching of the two interfacial states leads to the significant enhancement of the foam stability, especially under the dual defoaming effects of heat and oil. What's more, it is observed that the confinement of organized copolymer micelles in the Plateau borders and micellar self‐layering in film confinement induce drainage delay of foam and film's stepwise thinning phenomenon, further increasing film thickness and enhancing the thermal stability of the foam. In standard fire‐fighting tests, it is proved that the burnback performance exhibited by thermo‐responsive copolymer foams is three times better than that for classical fluorine‐free foams and almost 1.5 times higher than that for commercial AFFF.

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Preparation and characterization of fire-extinguishing efficiency of novel gel-protein foam for liquid pool fires

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Determining the patterns of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a film-forming foaming agent

Determining the patterns of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a film-forming foaming agent

Study on the Inhibition Characteristics of Coal Spontaneous Combustion by Silica Gel Foam

Thermo‐responsive fluorine‐free foam stabilized by PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer (EO)₁₀₀(PO)₆₅(EO)₁₀₀ for pool fire suppression

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Preparation and characterization of fire-extinguishing efficiency of novel gel-protein foam for liquid pool fires

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Determining the patterns of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a film-forming foaming agent

Determining the patterns of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a film-forming foaming agent

Study on the Inhibition Characteristics of Coal Spontaneous Combustion by Silica Gel Foam

Thermo‐responsive fluorine‐free foam stabilized by PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer (EO)100(PO)65(EO)100 for pool fire suppression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Thermo‐responsive fluorine‐free foam stabilized by PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer (EO)₁₀₀(PO)₆₅(EO)₁₀₀ for pool fire suppression