Preparation and Characterization of DOPO-ITA Modified Ethyl Cellulose and Its Application in Phenolic Foams

Abstract

In order to improve the performance of phenolic foam, an additive compound of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and Itaconic acid (ITA) were attached on the backbone of ethyl cellulose (EC) and obtained DOPO-ITA modified EC (DIMEC), which was used to modify phenolic resin and composite phenolic foams (CPFs). The structures of DOPO-ITA were verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The molecular structure and microstructure were characterized by FT-IR spectra and SEM, respectively. Compared with EC, the crystallinity of DIMEC was dramatically decreased, and the diffraction peak positions were basically unchanged. Additionally, thermal stability was decreased and Ti decreased by 24 °C. The residual carbon (600 °C) was increased by 25.7%. With the dosage of DIMEC/P increased, the Ea values of DIMEC composite phenolic resins were increased gradually. The reaction orders were all non-integers. Compared with PF, the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and the residual carbon (800 °C) of CPFs were increased. The cell size of CPFs was less and the cell distribution was relatively regular. By comprehensive analysis, the suitable dosage of DIMEC/P was no more than 15%.

Effect of Organic Cage Nucleating Agent Structure on Nucleating Efficiency and the Structure-Property Relationship

“…The specific strength [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] and dimensional stability of foaming materials [ 6 ] are directly related to cell density, which is determined by the number of cells present during the foaming process. Therefore, the quality of foaming materials can be effectively improved by regulating nucleation in the foaming process [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Preparation and Properties of the 3-pentadecyl-phenol In Situ Modified Foamable Phenolic Resin

“…Carvalh, G. et al [18], Li, J.; Wang, W. et al [19], Li, J. and Zhang, J. et al [20] all used a lignin moiety to replace the phenol with formaldehyde to form a phenolic resin to increase its viscosity, reduce formaldehyde emissions, and increase the strength of the phenolic foam. Ma, Y. et al introduced DOPO-ITA into the phenolic resin to improve the residual carbon and the cell distribution [21]. Turunen, M. et al used starch, urea and lignin as the phenolic resin modifiers to change the methylene bridge content of the resin by changing the molar mass ratio [22].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of DOPO-g-CNSL and Its Effect on the Properties of Phenolic Foams

“…10), the toughness of DCMPFs was fail. Therefore, the ratio of mass was increased [30]. The results showed that the content of DOPO-g-CNSL/P was not too much, the better dosage of DOPO-g-CNSL/P was no more than 10%.…”

“…4. For DOPO, the signal around 6.56 to 8.86 ppm was corresponded to the phenyl protons [28][29][30][31]. For CNSL, the chemical shifts of H a , H b , H c , H d and H e were observed at 0.97 ppm, 1.38 ppm, 2.10 ppm, 1.64 ppm and 2.60 ppm respectively, and the signal around 5.44 ppm (H f ) was corresponded to double bonds protons [10].…”