Preparation and Characterization of Dealuminated Metakaolin and Its Use in the Transformation of Waste Plastics to Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Breen, Christopher; Taylor, Scott D.; Burguin, E.; Centeno, MA

doi:10.1006/jcis.2001.8092

Cited by 10 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Transformation of the waste plastics to aromatic hydrocarbons requires more specific catalysts [23,24]. Elimination of halogenated components in hydrocarbon vapours is carried out by hydrogenation reactions most efficiently over noble metal catalysts [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ modification of pyrolysis products of macromolecules in an analytical pyrolyser

Blazsó

2005

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ modification of pyrolysis products of macromolecules in an analytical pyrolyser

Blazsó

2005

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…Dealuminated MK has both Lewis and Bronsted acid sites. The total number of sites, the ratio of Lewis to Bronsted sites, and their relative strengths depend on the calcination temperature . Partially dealuminated MK may act as superacids .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of LDH (phyllosilicate/carbonate) type compounds formed in the pozzolanic reaction of phyllosilicate‐rich industrial waste

et al. 2019

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Reutilization of industrial waste products as cement additives yields a number of secondary materials, yet their identification is not always trivial. Confirmation of the formation of a LDH-type (phyllosilicate/carbonate) material is the main purpose of this study. Mineralogically, organic and inorganic compounds form some industrial wastes, among which the phyllosilicates are prominent. Crystalline and amorphous hydrated phases appeared during the pozzolanic reaction in a dehydroxylated phyllosilicate/lime system, whose controlled activation yielded dehydroxylated products with high pozzolanic properties. The LDH-type (phyllosilicate/carbonate) material was one of the reaction products; this material could be considered as the superposition type 1:1 of tetrahedral layers of silicon and aluminum and octahedral layers of aluminum (dehydroxylated kaolinite), generating a positive charge in the interlaminar region compensated by carbonate anions with a basal spacing (001) measured by XRD at 7.57Å. Therefore, several techniques were used to determine whether they could be included in the structural group named Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs), as they are, too, laminar layers of oxides and hydroxides with a positive laminar charge in the interlayer region compensated by the presence of anions with similar basal spacing. In this research, the effects of activation temperature and calcite proportion were analyzed on the hydrated phases formed after 28 days of pozzolanic reaction in a metakaolin (MK)/lime system. The MK was obtained from a mix of 1:1; 2:1 and 3:1 kaolinite:calcite mixture, thermally activated at 750°C for 2 hours, comparing it with kaolinite activated at 600°C for 2 hours. As the most LDH-rich sample, the 1:1 LDH-type (phyllosilicate/carbonate) phase was characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, HRTEM-EDX, FTIR, NMR-MAS, and Raman spectroscopy. K E Y W O R D S calcium silicate hydrate, LDH type (phyllosilicate carbonate), metakaolin, Portland cement, SEM, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction | 4991 SÁNCHEZ Et al. How to cite this article: Sánchez I, Ramírez M, Casas Angulo M, et al. Characterization of LDH (phyllosilicate/carbonate) type compounds formed in the pozzolanic reaction of phyllosilicate-rich industrial waste. J Am Ceram Soc. 2019;102:4990-4998. https://

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“…3,4 Indeed, the strength of the inter-action was very dependent upon the exchange cation and increased as Na 1 o Ca 21 o Mg 21 . It is now well established, using the diagnostic infrared bands of adsorbed pyridine, that Al 31 -exchanged smectites offer Brønsted acid sites (an acidic proton is generated from the coordination sphere water as a result of the strong polarising power of the Al 31 -cation) whereas the Ni 21 -exchanged counterparts offer Lewis acid sites. 5 These observations have been supported using test reactions designed to establish the nature of the acid types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the interaction of 3-cyanopyridine (3CYP) with Al 31 -and Ni 21 -exchanged smectite has been studied using VT-XRD, TG-MS and VT-DRIFTS. The two potential binding sites, the ring nitrogen and the cyano group, make it an interesting candidate to study the 'competitive' interaction with the Al 31 -and Ni 21 -cations which are known to act as proton donors or electron pair acceptors, respectively. The interaction of 3-cyanopyridine with smectites has likely been overlooked in the past because of the very low vapour pressure that this solid exerts at room temperature, making it an unlikely candidate to rapidly enter and expand the interlayer space of swelling minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The production of nicotineamide during the thermal desorption of 3-cyanopyridine (3CYP) from Ni2+- and Al3+- exchanged bentonite. A TG-MS, variable temperature DRIFTS and XRD study

Forsyth

Breen

Hughes

et al. 2004

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Samples of air-dried and heated Ni 21 -and Al 31 -exchanged bentonite (SWy-2) have been exposed to 3-cyanopyridine (3CYP) vapour for six days. The resulting intercalates were studied using variable temperature XRD, DRIFTS, thermogravimetry (TG) and TG-MS. The amount of water co-adsorbed with 3CYP did not influence the initial 13.2 A ˚spacing of the Al 31 -complex but the d-spacing of the heated Ni 21 -sample was ca. 5 A less that the 21.5 A ˚spacing of its air-dried counterpart. This difference in layer spacings suggests that 3CYP adopts an arrangement in which the plane of the aromatic ring is parallel with the aluminosilicate layer in the Al 31 -clay whereas in the Ni 21 -form the plane of the ring is perpendicular to the clay surface. TG-MS confirmed that 3CYP and water were the major species desorbed from all samples and that the contraction in the d-spacing upon heating the Ni 21 -3CYP complex arose from loss of these species. The appearance of a band near 1680 cm À1 in the VT-DRIFTS spectra at temperatures above 150 1C indicated the formation of amide(s). Correlation with TG-MS data confirmed the transformation of small quantities of 3CYP to nicotinamide. Some 3CYP was protonated in the Al 31 -samples.

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Preparation and Characterization of Dealuminated Metakaolin and Its Use in the Transformation of Waste Plastics to Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

In situ modification of pyrolysis products of macromolecules in an analytical pyrolyser

In situ modification of pyrolysis products of macromolecules in an analytical pyrolyser

Characterization of LDH (phyllosilicate/carbonate) type compounds formed in the pozzolanic reaction of phyllosilicate‐rich industrial waste

The production of nicotineamide during the thermal desorption of 3-cyanopyridine (3CYP) from Ni2+- and Al3+- exchanged bentonite. A TG-MS, variable temperature DRIFTS and XRD study

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