Preparation and characterization of core‐shell polystyrene/polyaniline/Pd composites and their catalytic properties for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol

Abstract

Herein, polystyrene/polyaniline/Pd (PS/PANI/Pd) core-shell composite catalysts were prepared by a facile swellingdiffusion-interfacial polymerization method. PS microparticles were firstly prepared by dispersion polymerization and were swollen by aniline monomer without any surface modification. H 2 PdCl 4 acid was used as palladium precursor. The PdCl 22 4 was adsorbed on the surface of aniline-swollen PS microparticles because of the electrostatic attraction between PdCl 22 4 and anilinium positive ions protonated by H 1 , which was diffused from the aniline-swollen PS microparticles. Then HCl solution was added to control the diffusion rate of anilinium positive ions and ammonium persulfate (APS) was used to polymerize the anilinium ions to get PANI shell. Due to the redox activity between PANI and Pd ions, Pd nanoparticles can be in situ formed on the surfaces of PS. Therefore, the core-shell PS/PANI/Pd composite catalysts were obtained. The morphology and structure of the obtained composites was characterized by TEM, FT-IR and EDX. Results showed that the products presented excellent catalytic properties for the reduction of 4nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of NaBH 4 by virtue of the interaction between Pd nanoparticles and conducive PANI shell. The catalytic reaction obeyed the pseudo-first-order reaction equations and the reaction rate constants were also calculated in this article.

Aminal‐based Hypercrosslinked Polymer Modified with Small Palladium Nanoparticles for Efficiently Catalytic Reduction of Nitroarenes

“…The activity comparison results of Pd/HCP with other reported catalysts for 4‐NP reduction were listed in Table . It is obvious that the Pd/HCP nanocatalyst in our work showed comparable and significantly higher catalytic activity than PS/PANI/Pd, Pd/NHPC, Pd‐FG, Pd NTs, Pd@MIL‐100(Fe), Pd/RGO/Fe 3 O 4 , Pd/Fe 3 O 4 @C, YS‐Pd‐C/N, Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 @PDA/Pd, Fe 3 O 4 @CeO 2 /Pd and PdCo NPs . The reasons are as follows: First, the Pd NPs of the reported PS/PANI/Pd, Pd‐FG, Pd NTs, YS‐Pd‐C/N and PdCo NPs suffered from aggregation during the reaction process.…”

Synthesis, spectral analysis, and catalytic activity of poly(aniline‐co‐congored)–metal oxide nanocomposites

“…For example, a silver nanoparticle end capped diblock copolymer was used for the reduction of NiP . Similarly, other systems, such as diblock copolymer–V 2 O 5 , fluorescent polyimide–V 2 O 5 nanocomposite, chitosan Schiff base–V 2 O 5 , poly(epichlorohydrin‐ g ‐acid fuchsin)–hydroxyapatite, poly (caprolactone‐ co ‐morpholine)–silver, poly(lactide)–palldium, poly(urethane)–gold, polyhydroxyalkonate–silver, poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate)–grapheneoxide, chitosan–iron, and polyacrylamide–gold systems, have been used for the catalytic reduction of NiP. In a thorough literature survey, we found very few reports based on poly(aniline‐ co ‐Congo red) [poly(ANI‐ co ‐CR)]–CuO and V 2 O 5 nanocomposite systems toward the reduction of NiP.…”