Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from <i>Typha</i> sp. as a Reinforcing Agent

Rahmawati, Cut; Aprilia, Sri; Saidi, Taufiq; Aulia, Teuku Budi; Ahmad, Ishak

doi:10.1080/15440478.2021.1904486

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Research on cellulose from bioresources as reinforcing materials or fillers in polymeric matrices has rapidly grown. Cellulose materials with nanoscale crystal size and phase are preferred because of their environmental advantages and exceptional mechanical properties [25][26][27]. Among several methods and treatments to produce nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), the acid hydrolysis method is the most common way to isolate cellulose from its fibres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Biocomposite Film Based on Whey Protein Isolate Filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Pineapple Crown Leaf

et al. 2021

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Among the main bio-based polymer for food packaging materials, whey protein isolate (WPI) is one of the biopolymers that have excellent film-forming properties and are environmentally friendly. This study was performed to analyse the effect of various concentrations of bio-based nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) extracted from pineapple crown leaf (PCL) on the properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) films using the solution casting technique. Six WPI films were fabricated with different loadings of NCC from 0 to 10 % w/v. The resulting films were characterised based on their mechanical, physical, chemical, and thermal properties. The results show that NCC loadings increased the thickness of the resulting films. The transparency of the films decreased at higher NCC loadings. The moisture content and moisture absorption of the films decreased with the presence of the NCC, being lower at higher NCC loadings. The water solubility of the films decreased from 92.2% for the pure WPI to 65.5% for the one containing 10 % w/v of NCC. The tensile strength of the films peaked at 7% NCC loading with the value of 5.1 MPa. Conversely, the trend of the elongation at break data was the opposite of the tensile strength. Moreover, the addition of NCC produced a slight effect of NCC in FTIR spectra of the WPI films using principal component analysis. NCC loading enhanced the thermal stability of the WPI films, as shown by an increase in the glass transition temperature at higher NCC loadings. Moreover, the morphology of the films turned rougher and more heterogeneous with small particle aggregates in the presence of the NCC. Overall, the addition of NCC enhanced the water barrier and mechanical properties of the WPI films by incorporating the PCL-based NCC as the filler.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Biocomposite Film Based on Whey Protein Isolate Filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Pineapple Crown Leaf

et al. 2021

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“…The crystallinity value and crystal size of NCC from PCLF are shown in Table 3 . The increase in the crystallinity value of the NCC samples prepared under a longer hydrolysis time was caused by the amorphous regions containing the crystalline parts, which dissolved during acid hydrolysis and released more individual crystals [ 30 , 40 ]. The crystallinity in this study was higher than the crystallinity of cellulose from Typha sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystallinity in this study was higher than the crystallinity of cellulose from Typha sp. [ 40 ]. Furthermore, the crystal sizes were found to lower with increasing hydrolysis time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the crystal sizes were found to lower with increasing hydrolysis time. The decrease in the crystallite size of NCC could be attributed to the process of acid reaction breaking into the cellulose layer and hydrolyzing the smaller cellulose crystals [ 40 ]. The removal of the amorphous region increased the crystallinity and lowered the NCC crystallite sizes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Pineapple Crown Leaf Fiber Agricultural Wastes Using Acid Hydrolysis

et al. 2021

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Pineapple crown leaf fiber (PCLF) is one of the major biomass wastes from pineapple processing plants. It consists mostly of carbohydrate polymers, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. It can be further processed to form a more valuable and widely used nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). This study investigates the effect of hydrolysis time on the properties of the produced NCC. The acid hydrolysis was conducted using 1 M of sulfuric acid at hydrolysis times of 1–3 h. The resulting NCCs were then characterized by their morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, thermal stability, elemental composition, and production yield. The results show that the NCC products had a rod-like particle structure and possessed a strong cellulose crystalline structure typically found in agricultural fiber-based cellulose. The highest NCC yield was obtained at 79.37% for one hour of hydrolysis. This NCC also displayed a higher decomposition temperature of 176.98 °C. The overall findings suggest that PCLF-derived NCC has attractive properties for a variety of applications.

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“…The 2.0 wt% nanoclay had the best effect, increasing the density and reducing the porosity, thereby increasing the flexural strength and toughness. Rahmawati et al [ 101 ] used Typha as a new raw material for separating cellulose nanocrystals and extracted cellulose from stem fibers by alkaline and bleaching methods. Then, cellulose nanocrystals were separated from the extracted cellulose by acid hydrolysis.…”

Section: Other Factors Affecting the Durability Of Cfgcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of Cellulosic-Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymers: A Review

Liu

2022

Molecules

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Geopolymers have high early strength, fast hardening speed and wide sources of raw materials, and have good durability properties such as high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. On the other hand, there are abundant sources of plant or cellulose fibers, and it has the advantages of having a low cost, a light weight, strong adhesion and biodegradability. In this context, the geopolymer sector is considering cellulose fibers as a sustainable reinforcement for developing composites. Cellulosic-fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites have broad development prospects. This paper presents a review of the literature research on the durability of cellulosic-fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites in recent years. In this paper, the typical properties of cellulose fibers are summarized, and the polymerization mechanism of geopolymers is briefly discussed. The factors influencing the durability of cellulosic-fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites were summarized and analyzed, including the degradation of fibers in a geopolymer matrix, the toughness of fiber against matrix cracking, the acid resistance, and resistance to chloride ion penetration, high temperature resistance, etc. Finally, the influence of nanomaterials on the properties of geopolymer composites and the chemical modification of fibers are analyzed, and the research on cellulosic-fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites is summarized.

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Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Typha sp. as a Reinforcing Agent

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Properties of Biocomposite Film Based on Whey Protein Isolate Filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Pineapple Crown Leaf

Properties of Biocomposite Film Based on Whey Protein Isolate Filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Pineapple Crown Leaf

Isolation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Pineapple Crown Leaf Fiber Agricultural Wastes Using Acid Hydrolysis

Durability of Cellulosic-Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymers: A Review

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