Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Film Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibril

Abstract

In this study, cellulose acetate (CA)/cellulose nanofibril (CNF) film was prepared via solvent casting. CNF was used as reinforcement to increase tensile properties of CA film. CNF ratio was varied into 3, 5, and 10 phr (parts per hundred rubbers). Triacetin (TA) and triethyl citrate (TC) were used as two different eco-friendly plasticizers. Two different types of solvent, which are acetone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), were also used. CA/CNF film was prepared by mixing CA and CNF in acetone or NMP with 10% concentration and stirred for 24 h. Then, the solution was cast in a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dish followed by solvent evaporation for 12 h at room temperature for acetone and 24 h at 80 °C in an oven dryer for NMP. The effect of solvent type, plasticizers type, and CNF amount on film properties was studied. Good dispersion in NMP was evident from the morphological study of fractured surface and visible light transmittance. The results showed that CNF has a better dispersion in NMP which leads to a significant increase in tensile strength and elastic modulus up to 38% and 65%, respectively, compared with those of neat CA. CNF addition up to 5 phr loading increased the mechanical properties of the film composites.

Aryloxy Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Homogenous Esterification of Cellulose with Low-Reactive Acyl Donors

“…The solubilities of the synthesized cellulose esters using VPiv, VPro, and VL were tested in various solvents, and these three cellulose esters with high DS main values showed high solubility in various organic solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone ( Table S1 ). The high solubilities of the synthesized cellulose derivatives in various organic solvents indicated easy processing of the obtained cellulose derivatives [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers: Incorporating Hydroxyapatite (HA), HA/Berberine or HA/Moghat Composites, as Scaffolds to Enhance In Vitro Osteoporotic Bone Regeneration

“…The mixed solutions were stirred at room temperature for 24 h and ultrasonicated for 15 min. Prior to e-spinning, the as-prepared solutions were characterized for their viscosity at RH6 Spindle, 100 r.p.m and 25 °C using a digital rotational viscometer (ViscoQC 100, Anton Paar, Sydney, Austria) [ 32 ]. Preparation of all fiber samples was carried out at 25 °C.…”

Spatioselective surface chemistry for the production of functional and chemically anisotropic nanocellulose colloids

“…(D) Influences of the extent of surface acetylation on the mechanical properties of cellulose. Plot B was drawn from literature data by Beaumont et al 53 and Cindradewi et al, 54 and Plot D from data by Aiken et al 47 disorder between neighboring microbrils. Such disorder in pure celluloses could be caused by a mismatch of the crystallite orientations, for instance, due to twisting.…”

“…(B) Influence on mechanical properties of surface 53 vs. bulk acetylation. 54 (C) Possible combination of acetyl group substitution patterns at the surface of cellulose. (D) Influences of the extent of surface acetylation on the mechanical properties of cellulose.…”