Preparation and Characterization of Celecoxib Entrapped Guar Gum Nanoparticles Targeted for Oral Drug Delivery against Colon Cancer: An In-Vitro Study

Abstract

The present study is an attempt to synthesize nanosized guar gum carriers encapsulating celecoxib as the chemopreventive agent for experimental colorectal cancer (CRC). Guar gum nanoparticles without celecoxib (eGGNPs) and celecoxib loaded guar gum nanoparticles (cGGNPs) were prepared by oil-in-water emulsification and in situ polymer crosslinking method. Electron microscopy, zeta potential and fourier transform infrared spectra analysis was used to affirm the size, stability and morphology of the nanoparticles. In-vitro drug release was investigated using dialysis method. Further, the effect of nanoparticles (eGGNPs & cGGNPs) was evaluated on Caco 2 colon cancer cell lines. Spherical guar gum nanoparticles were obtained in the size range of 200±6nm with zeta potential of -32.1mV indicating good stability of the GGNPs with drug loading of 30±3.2%, and drug release following zero order kinetics. The eGGNPs had no effect on Caco2 cell viability whereas the cGGNPs showed time and concentration dependent growth inhibition of Caco 2 cells. These findings suggest the successful preparation of chemopreventive nanoparticles that can be targeted as the prophylactic agent for experimental colorectal cancer.
 Keywords: nanoparticles, guar gum, celecoxib, colorectal cancer, release kinetics, cytotoxicity

Guar Gum and Ethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles Encapsulating Capecitabine for the Management of Colorectal Cancer: Formulation and Assessment

“…Capecitabine-loaded guar gum and ethyl cellulose nanoparticles were synthesized by utilizing the emulsion solvent diffusion technique with minor adjustments 15,16 . Brie y, 15 mg guar gum was weighed and dissolved in 10 ml 0.2% polyvinyl alcohol.…”

“…Nanosuspension was centrifuged and supernatant liquid was removed 17 . The nanosuspensions acquired were subjected to freeze-drying and preserved for subsequent analysis.…”

“…Unless the engorged guar gum disintegrates, additional hydration and expansion of the guar gum do not occur. The colonic bacterial enzymes would react with the swollen guar gum once it reached the colonic environment, releasing the drug it contained 15 .…”

The development of nanocarriers for natural products

“…In addition, the microbial degradation of GG in the large intestine may facilitate the release of the encapsulated drug from NPs, thereby decelerating celecoxib's release rate and prolonging its residual time before arrival at the colon. The results revealed that GG improved the targeted delivery of celecoxib and enhanced its permeability, slow release, and accumulation in the colon to inhibit the growth of Caco-2 colon cancer cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner (Chandel et al, 2020). Additionally, Zarbab et al synthesized hydrogels loaded with MTX using GG, CS, and poly(vinyl alcohol) by solution casting technique, considerably enhancing MTX's anticancer activity against HCT-116 colon cancer cells with a prolonged 96% sustained release over 7.25 h. These investigations underscore GG-based NDDS as a potentially revolutionizing platform in antibacterial therapy, diabetes management, and cancer treatment (Zarbab et al, 2023).…”

Sustainable Biodegradable Biopolymer-Based Nanoparticles for Healthcare Applications

“…Most studies have been conducted primarily on the potential use of biopolymeric nanoparticles to deliver chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents [ 207 , 212 , 213 ]. For example, celecoxib has been successfully incorporated into guar gum nanoparticles to target colon cancer [ 214 ], as well as model drugs doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, rifampicin, rhodamine B, angiotensin II, antibiotic ciprofloxacin, and polyphenolic compounds, such as curcumin and caffeine. Furthermore, guar gum nanoparticles are suitable for oral as well as buccal, transdermal, and intravenous administration [ 215 ].…”