Preparation and characterization of cationic polystyrene latex particles of different aminated surface charges

Abstract

Functionalized polystyrene latex particles were obtained either by seed particle functionalization or by the shotgrowth procedure using 2,2'-azobis (2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride as an initiator and vinylbenzylamine hydrochloride as a cationic monomer. The capabilities of both processes to produce functionalized particles in terms of functionalizafion yields coming from surface amino group titrations were compared. Different titration methods were performed and a new technique was introduced using fluorescamine. EXPERIMENTAL MaterialsUnless stated otherwise, reagents and solvents were used as received, water was of milli-Q grade (Millipore SA, France) and was boiled for 1 hr under a nitrogen stream before use. Styrene (Janssen Chemica, France) was distilled under reduced pressure, 2-2'-azobis (2 amidino-propane) dihydrochloride (V-50), kindly provided by Wako Chemical GmbH, Germany, was recrystallized from water-

Acid–Base Approach to Latex Particles Containing Specific Groups Based on Wettability Measurements

“…Kaeble (11a), after a mathematical treatment of Van der Waals force energies and by mixing the expression of Girifalco and Good and Fowkes, derived a new expression called the mean geometric approximation model (Eq. [5]). …”

“…As shown in the theoretical part of this paper, for a liquid-solid interface involving only the dispersive interactions, the work of adhesion could be expressed by Eq. [5]. This equation can be rearranged and plotting cos versus (…”

“…The synthesis and characterization of aminated and sulfated latices used in this study have been previously described (4,5,7,8). Their main features are reported in Table 3.…”

“…For this purpose, the hydrochloride derivative of vinyl benzyl amine (VBAH) was batch copolymerized with styrene in an emulsion process, in the presence of an amidine-charged initiator, 2,2Ј-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride or V50 (3,4). The cationic amino-containing latices which were obtained presented a high surface charge density, especially when the shot growth process was used (5,6). In previous papers (7,8), the latex surface charge titration was investigated using various methods.…”

Preparation of Positively and Negatively Charged Organic Colloids from a Single Precursor

“…[3] Pichot et al [4,5] prepared cationic colloids by means of surfactant-free copolymerization of styrene with either aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride [4] or vinylbenzylamine hydrochloride. [5] Additional positive charges were incorporated by the initiator.…”