Preparation and characterization of carbonaceous materials containing nitrogen as electrochemical capacitor

Kawaguchi, Masayuki; Itoh, Akinori; Yagi, S.; Oda, Hirokazu

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.07.023

Cited by 74 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It seems that the presence of cobalt during CVD experiments facilitates the formation of more graphitic carbon structure similarly to what was previously reported [33]. Although the d 002 spacing is consistent with the presence of graphitic domains, broadening of the reflections (especially in the case of C/MgAl) implies that the samples are more turbostratic than crystalline (graphitic) [34].…”

Section: Composition Of the Carbon Materialssupporting

confidence: 84%

The influence of layered double hydroxide composition on the morphology, porosity and capacitive properties of nitrogen-doped carbon materials prepared via chemical vapor deposition

Pacuła

Nowak

Makowski

et al. 2015

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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Section: Composition Of the Carbon Materialssupporting

confidence: 84%

The influence of layered double hydroxide composition on the morphology, porosity and capacitive properties of nitrogen-doped carbon materials prepared via chemical vapor deposition

Pacuła

Nowak

Makowski

et al. 2015

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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“…5). The asymmetry of CV curves with respect to potential axis was attributed elsewhere to the pseudo-faradaic processes on the surface involving surface nitrogen and oxygen functional groups [10,51]. Although the applied HAT did not affect the shape of the CV curve regardless of the nature of the electrolyte solution, this treatment caused a pronounced increase in the capacitance of Table 3 -Textural properties of C.PANI and C.PANI.HAT200: V mic (micropore volume), S mic (micropore surface area), V meso (mesopore volume), S meso (mesopore surface area) and S tot (total specific surface area).…”

Section: The Enhancement Of Cpani Capacitance Upon Hydrothermal Treamentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior capacitive and electrocatalytic properties of carbonized nanostructured polyaniline upon a low-temperature hydrothermal treatment

Vujković

Gavrilov

Pašti

et al. 2013

Carbon

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“…This hump is typical of experimental CV curves. 1,205,[207][208][209] Different interpretations have been proposed in the literature to explain this hump including (i) electrolyte starvation due to limited amount of ions at low concentrations, 158,210 (ii) redox reactions at the electrode surface, 1,[207][208][209][211][212][213][214][215][216][217] (iii) different ion mobilities between anions and cations, 215 and (iv) saturation of ions at the electrode surface. 205,206 However, there was no clear evidence and definitive explanation to the commonly observed hump in the CV curves.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Continuum Modeling of Interfacial and Transport Phenomena in Electric Double Layer Capacitors

Pilon

Wang

d’Entremont

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

117

105

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This paper reviews recent advances in physical modeling of interfacial and transport phenomena in electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) under both equilibrium and dynamic cycling. The models are based on continuum theory and account for (i) the Stern layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface, (ii) finite ion sizes, (iii) steric repulsions, (iv) asymmetric electrolytes featuring ions with different valencies, effective diameters, or diffusion coefficients, (v) electric-field-dependent dielectric permittivity of the electrolyte, and/or (vi) porous three-dimensional morphology of the electrodes. Typical characterization methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic cycling were reproduced numerically to identify the dominant physical phenomena and to gain insight into experimental observations. In addition, recent thermal models derived from first principles for EDLCs under constant-current cycling accounting for irreversible Joule heating and reversible heat generation rates due to ion diffusion, steric effects, and changes in entropy are discussed. Scaling analyses of both equilibrium and dynamic models are also presented as a way to identify self-similar and asymptotic behaviors as well as to develop design rules for electrodes and electrolytes of next generation EDLCs. Electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) store energy by ion adsorption in the electrical double layer (EDL) forming at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces.1,2 This process is highly reversible and the cycle life of EDLCs exceeds 100,000 cycles.2,3 EDLCs can operate in a wide range of specific energy and power densities. This versatility is a key feature for electrical energy storage, energy harvesting, and energy regeneration applications. 2The performance of EDLCs is determined by the combination of the electrode material and morphology and of the electrolyte. In general, the key attributes of a good electrode include 1,3-7 (i) large surface area accessible to ions to maximize charge storage, (ii) optimum pore size, short pore length, and good pore connectivity to facilitate ion transport, (iii) large electrical conductivity to enable fast charging and discharging and low ohmic resistance, (iv) thin electrodes and current collectors to reduce the total resistance of the device, (v) small leakage current, (vi) small self-discharge, (vii) environmentally friendly materials, and (viii) low price. However, satisfying all these criteria simultaneously is challenging. For example, increasing surface area often results in larger electrode electrical resistivity.1 Micropores with diameter less than 2 nm contribute greatly to EDLCs capacitance.2 But pores smaller than the ion size are typically inactive and do not contribute to charge storage. 1,8 Porous electrodes must also be electrochemically accessible to ions. Then, interconnected mesopores with diameter ranging from 2 to 50 nm are necessary for fast charging thanks to their easier accessibility to ions. 1,6,[9][10][11] In practice, electrode...

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Preparation and characterization of carbonaceous materials containing nitrogen as electrochemical capacitor

Cited by 74 publications

References 17 publications

The influence of layered double hydroxide composition on the morphology, porosity and capacitive properties of nitrogen-doped carbon materials prepared via chemical vapor deposition

The influence of layered double hydroxide composition on the morphology, porosity and capacitive properties of nitrogen-doped carbon materials prepared via chemical vapor deposition

Superior capacitive and electrocatalytic properties of carbonized nanostructured polyaniline upon a low-temperature hydrothermal treatment

Recent Advances in Continuum Modeling of Interfacial and Transport Phenomena in Electric Double Layer Capacitors

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