Abstract:In this study, antistatic sheath-core composite fibers with the core composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer and a sheath composed of carbon black/polybutylene terephthalate (CB/PBT) polymer were fabricated using a conjugate spinning process. CB powders of various particle sizes were compounded with PBT polymers to prepare the antistatic CB/PBT pellets, and their electrical resistivities strongly depended on the intrinsic properties and dispersion of CB powders. The CB/PBT/PET fibers consisted of … Show more
“…In [ 33 ], they stressed the importance of electrodes being skin-friendly for long-time ECG monitoring and developed an embroidered textile electrode by Ag/Ti-coated PET yarn for silver passivation. For the same purpose, Taiwan Textile Research Institute (TTRI) developed non-toxic CB/PBT/PET fibers by conjugate spinning process [ 34 ], with a core of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer and a sheath of Carbon Black/polybutylene terephthalate (CB/PBT) polymer. However, CB/PBT/PET yarn has worse electric conductivity than textile yarns plated with silver.…”
The needs for light-weight and soft smart clothing in homecare have been rising since the past decade. Many smart textile sensors have been developed and applied to automatic physiological and user-centered environmental status recognition. In the present study, we propose wearable multi-sensor smart clothing for homecare monitoring based on an economic fabric electrode with high elasticity and low resistance. The wearable smart clothing integrated with heterogeneous sensors is capable to measure multiple human biosignals (ECG and respiration), acceleration, and gyro information. Five independent respiratory signals (electric impedance plethysmography, respiratory induced frequency variation, respiratory induced amplitude variation, respiratory induced intensity variation, and respiratory induced movement variation) are obtained. The smart clothing can provide accurate respiratory rate estimation by using three different techniques (Naïve Bayes inference, static Kalman filter, and dynamic Kalman filter). During the static sitting experiments, respiratory induced frequency variation has the best performance; whereas during the running experiments, respiratory induced amplitude variation has the best performance. The Naïve Bayes inference and dynamic Kalman filter have shown good results. The novel smart clothing is soft, elastic, and washable and it is suitable for long-term monitoring in homecare medical service and healthcare industry.
“…In [ 33 ], they stressed the importance of electrodes being skin-friendly for long-time ECG monitoring and developed an embroidered textile electrode by Ag/Ti-coated PET yarn for silver passivation. For the same purpose, Taiwan Textile Research Institute (TTRI) developed non-toxic CB/PBT/PET fibers by conjugate spinning process [ 34 ], with a core of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer and a sheath of Carbon Black/polybutylene terephthalate (CB/PBT) polymer. However, CB/PBT/PET yarn has worse electric conductivity than textile yarns plated with silver.…”
The needs for light-weight and soft smart clothing in homecare have been rising since the past decade. Many smart textile sensors have been developed and applied to automatic physiological and user-centered environmental status recognition. In the present study, we propose wearable multi-sensor smart clothing for homecare monitoring based on an economic fabric electrode with high elasticity and low resistance. The wearable smart clothing integrated with heterogeneous sensors is capable to measure multiple human biosignals (ECG and respiration), acceleration, and gyro information. Five independent respiratory signals (electric impedance plethysmography, respiratory induced frequency variation, respiratory induced amplitude variation, respiratory induced intensity variation, and respiratory induced movement variation) are obtained. The smart clothing can provide accurate respiratory rate estimation by using three different techniques (Naïve Bayes inference, static Kalman filter, and dynamic Kalman filter). During the static sitting experiments, respiratory induced frequency variation has the best performance; whereas during the running experiments, respiratory induced amplitude variation has the best performance. The Naïve Bayes inference and dynamic Kalman filter have shown good results. The novel smart clothing is soft, elastic, and washable and it is suitable for long-term monitoring in homecare medical service and healthcare industry.
“…The compressed CP/PET composite fibre exhibits a low resistance and excellent electrical conductivity. It is thought that fabrics manufactured using this process could be used in antistatic applications 2 .Figure 7( a ) Photograph and ( b ) SEM images of CB/PET composite fibres, ( c ) magnified ( b ) (inset: further magnified ( b )), ( d ) CB/PET composite fabric, ( e ) magnified ( d ), ( f ) surface resistivity of CB/PET composite fabric.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Consumer demand for smart equipment continues to increase, leading to research being carried out to devise fibres with functions that go beyond simple body protection and clothing design, as well as new functions that will be realized by combining such fibres with information and communications technology, as well as other developments. The range of application fields depends on the conductivity of the fibre, and it is even possible to apply conductive materials to electrostatic discharge products (1–10 11 Ω/sq) 1,2 , electromagnetic disturbance products, (EMI: 1–10 −2 Ω/sq) 3–5 , etc. Wearable materials include films 6–9 , fibres 10,11 , fabrics 12,13 , and other forms.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, conductive fibres are seen as being a vital material for the fabrication of wearable components, yet relatively little research is being undertaken to investigate fibre-based electrodes and wires that can be used in practice. Most research conducted to date has produced conductive fibres by adding carbon black 2,14 , carbon nanotubes 2,15,16 , graphite 17–19 , or metal powder 20,21 , to polymers to produce conductive fibres.…”
In this study, using three types of resins (each with unique material properties) as a matrix, and carbon black (CB) as a conductive additive, conductive fibres were fabricated through a melt-spinning process. An examination of the electrical conductivity revealed that a CB/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite had a low percolation value of 0.58 wt%, and thus the highest conductivity of the three resin types. These results indicate that CB/PET fibres could be used to manufacture antistatic fabrics.
“…Therefore, wet spinning has been commonly used in conductive fiber research because greater amounts of filler can be injected than melt spinning, and dispersion can be achieved in a variety of ways. Besides, it is possible to spin the polymers, which cannot melt, and various studies have been undertaken [16][17][18].…”
Composites of carbon black (CB) and polymers are attractive for producing conductive fibers. Herein, to achieve improved interactions with polymers, the surface of CB was modified to form 4-aminobenzoyl-functionalized carbon black (ABCB), benzoxazine-functionalized carbon black (BZCB), and Ag-anchored carbon black (Ag-ABCB). The surface-modified CBs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was utilized to confirm the presence of Ag in Ag-ABCB. Conductive polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were wet-spun with conductive fillers (CB, ABCB, Ag-ABCB, and BZCB) to investigate the effects of various functional groups on the electrical and mechanical properties. After annealing the conductive PAN fibers, the conductivity and tensile strength greatly increased, whereas the diameter decreased. Notably, the fiber with a BZCB/PAN weight ratio of 12/88 possessed a conductivity of 8.9 × 10−4 S/cm, and strength of 110.4 MPa, and thus the highest conductivity and best mechanical properties in the conductive PAN fiber. These results indicate that the annealed BZCB/PAN fibers have potential applications in the manufacturing of antistatic fabrics.
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