Preparation and characterization of block copolymers containing multi-sulfonated unit for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Dyeing polyvinyl alcohol membrane with low-temperature reactive dye X-2R as a new type of proton-exchange membrane for fuel cells

“…T 10 and T 50 mean the temperatures of 10% and 50% weight loss, respectively. Similar to other reported sulfonated PEMs [28][29][30], the two membranes underwent a three-step degradation process. The initial weight loss of the membranes (80-200°C) mainly belongs to the expulsion of water molecules absorbed on the hydrophilic groups in the two membranes.…”

Proton exchange membranes with microphase separated structure from dual electrospun poly(ether ketone) mats: Producing ionic paths in a hydrophobic matrix

“…In addition to IEC value, water absorption of a membrane depends directly on the morphology of the membrane. Nevertheless, in most of these investigations it has been shown that the water absorption of the membranes was much more than Nafion membranes and even more than membranes prepared from random copolymers with the same structures [22,23]. The presence of hydrophobic matrix around these fibers kept the water absorption in acceptable range and smaller than water absorption of Nafion 115 even for membranes with higher IEC values.…”

Side-chain-type clustered sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s prepared by click chemistry

“…Among these approaches, locally and densely sulfonated aromatic copolymers have been developed due to the high contrasting polarity of their hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments, thus resulting in the formation of well-defined phase-separated structure. Kim et al reported sulfonated polymers containing multi-sulfonic acid groups on the side chains, which showed comparable proton conductivity with that of Nafion [24]. Ueda et al reported locally sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s with highly sulfonated units by post-sulfonation with sulfonic acid.…”