Preparation and characterization of bismaleimide (<i>N,N</i>′‐bismaleimido‐4,4′‐diphenyl methane)–vinyl ester oligomer–modified unsaturated polyester interpenetrating matrices for advanced composites

Dinakaran, K.; Alagar, Muthukaruppan

doi:10.1002/app.11042

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The increase in value may be explained due to the formation of chain entanglement between vinyl ester and unsaturated polyester matrix. 20 A similar trend is observed in the case of…”

Section: Flexural Propertiessupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The may be due to the higher degree of interpenetrating network formed between unsaturated polyester chains and VEO molecules, which in turn enhances the values of tensile strength. 20 The values of tensile modulus exhibit a similar trend as in the case of tensile strength. The introduction of 5, 10, and 15% bismaleimide into unsaturated polyester system increases the value of tensile strength by 9.6, 23.7, and 35.9% respectively.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiessupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The introduction of 2, 4, and 6% (by wt) of VEO into unsaturated polyester increases the tensile strength by 15.3, 26.2, and 41.2% respectively. The may be due to the higher degree of interpenetrating network formed between unsaturated polyester chains and VEO molecules, which in turn enhances the values of tensile strength 20. The values of tensile modulus exhibit a similar trend as in the case of tensile strength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Toughened polyester matrices for advanced composites

Sharmila¹,

Premkumar

Alagar

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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An intercrosslinked network of hybrid bismaleimide (BMI) modified vinyl ester oligomer-unsaturated polyester matrix systems have been developed. Vinyl ester oligomer (VEO) was used as a toughening agent for unsaturated polyester resin and was added in 2, 4, and 6% (by wt). Benzoyl peroxide was used as curing agent. The VEO-toughened unsaturated polyester matrix systems were further modified with 5, 10, and 15% (by wt) of bismaleimide. Bismaleimides modified vinyl ester-unsaturated polyester matrices were characterized by mechanical (tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength), thermal [differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), heat deflection temperature analysis (HDT)] and morphological studies [scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and water absorption. Data obtained from mechanical studies indicated that the introduction of VEO into unsaturated polyester resin improves the fracture toughness. The introduction of BMI into VEO incorporated unsaturated polyester resin enhanced both thermal and mechanical behavior. The scanning electron micrographs of fractured surfaces of VEO-modified unsaturated polyester systems and BMI modified vinyl ester-unsaturated polyester matrices illustrate the presence of homogeneous morphology.

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“…The increase in value may be explained due to the formation of chain entanglement between vinyl ester and unsaturated polyester matrix. 20 A similar trend is observed in the case of…”

Section: Flexural Propertiessupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Tensile Propertiessupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Toughened polyester matrices for advanced composites

Sharmila¹,

Premkumar

Alagar

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It is reported that the incorporation of high performance thermoplastics into a thermoset resin system leads to significant improvements in mechanical properties [9,[19][20][21][22]. In our laboratory, epoxy resin has been modified using different polymeric and chemical modifiers namely hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane [23], γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane [24], unsaturated polyester [25], vinylester [26], bismaleimides, polyuretanes [27] and the results obtained have been published elsewhere. The introduction of bismaleimide into epoxy resin improves the thermomechanical properties of epoxy resin [28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of polyethersulfone and N,N’-bismaleimido-4,4’-diphenyl methane on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy systems

Rajasekaran¹,

Alagar²,

Chozhan³

2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. In order to improve thermo mechanical properties of cured epoxy resin, hydroxyl terminated polyethersulfone (PES) and N,N′-bismaleimido-4,4′-diphenyl methane (BMI) were incorporated to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) type epoxy resin and cured with diaminiodiphenylmethane (DDM). The resulting hybrid matrices, in the form of castings, were characterized for their mechanical properties like tensile, flexural and impact strength. Differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis of the matrices were also performed to determine the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the matrix systems. The results obtained from mechanical and thermal studies indicated that the incorporation of polyethersulfone into epoxy resin improved the toughness and thermal stability of the systems. This is attributed to the formation of interpenetration polymer networks (IPNs) composed of the epoxy network and the linear PES. The incorporation of BMI into polyethersulfone modified epoxy systems increased thermal stability, glass transition temperature, tensile and flexural properties and decreased the impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy studies of polyethersulfone modified epoxy and BMI incorporated polyethersulfone modified epoxy systems exhibit homogeneous morphology confirming efficient chemical interaction and formation of intercrosslinked network structure.Keywords : polymer composites, thermal properties, mechanical properties, morphology, moisture absorption eXPRESS Polymer Letters Vol.2, No.5 (2008) [339][340][341][342][343][344][345][346][347][348] Available online at www.expresspolymlett.com DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2008.40 homogeneous hybrid thermoplastic modified epoxy with low fractions of thermoplastics [18]. It is reported that the incorporation of high performance thermoplastics into a thermoset resin system leads to significant improvements in mechanical properties [9,[19][20][21][22] [28][29][30][31][32]. Bismaleimides posses high crosslinking ability, high glass-transition temperature, high thermal ability, high char yield, excellent fire resistance, superior specific strength and specific modulus, and low water absorption. In continuation of our earlier studies, an attempt has been made in the present investigation to improve both toughness and thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy resin by incorporating hydroxyl terminated polyethersulfone (PES) and N,N′-bismaleimido-4,4′-diphenyl methane(BMI). Materials and methodsEpoxy resin [diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)] LY556 (epoxy equivalent 189 and viscosity 10 000 cP) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) were obtained from Ciba-Geigy (India). N,N′-bismaleimido-4,4′-diphenyl methane was synthesized in our laboratory as per the reported procedure ( Figure 1) [33]. Hydroxyl terminated polyethersulfone was supplied by Jilin University, China was used as received. The chemical structures of materials used are presented in Figure 2.340 Rajasekaran et al. -eXPRESS Polymer Let...

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“…It is believed that the hydroxyl end group of the unsaturated polyester in the blend provides a favorable catalytic environment for the epoxide curing. 176 Functional Peroxides. 175 The introduction of unsaturated polyester into epoxy resin improves toughness but reduces the glass transition temperature.…”

Section: Unsaturated Polyestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy Resins

Fink

2005

Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications

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Preparation and characterization of bismaleimide (N,N′‐bismaleimido‐4,4′‐diphenyl methane)–vinyl ester oligomer–modified unsaturated polyester interpenetrating matrices for advanced composites

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Toughened polyester matrices for advanced composites

Toughened polyester matrices for advanced composites

Effect of polyethersulfone and N,N’-bismaleimido-4,4’-diphenyl methane on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy systems

Epoxy Resins

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