Preparation and Characterization of Biochars Obtained from Biomasses for Combustible Briquette Applications

Hadey, Chaimaa; Allouch, Malika; Alami, Mouaad El; Boukhlifi, Fatima; Loulidi, Ilyasse

doi:10.1155/2022/2554475

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Before subjecting the particles to pyrolysis, the particles were passed through a sieve to obtain particles less than or equal to 0.65 mm. The powdered banana sheath was transferred to ceramic crucibles and placed in a tubular furnace at 500 °C for 3 h. 33 The pyrolysis process was carried out under a continuous supply of a nitrogen atmosphere at a flow rate of 20–50 mL/min. The obtained banana leaf sheath (BLS) biochar was allowed to cool and stored in zipped polythene sample bags for further use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Waste-Derived Biochar-Based Nitrogenous Fertilizer for Slow-Release Applications

Ramesh,

Raghavan

2024

ACS Omega

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The exponential increase in population demands more food to be produced by employing modern technologies. There is a worldwide increase in the use of chemical fertilizers to rapidly enhance the crop yield. Nitrogen is a crucial plant nutrient, and nitrogenous fertilizers are the most widely used fertilizers. However, the high solubility and volatility of commonly used nitrogenous fertilizers have led to low nutrient use efficiency and alarming environmental pollution. They are lost due to the volatilization of ammonia and leaching of nitrate and release of nitrous oxide, and thus, plants only absorb approximately 20−30% of the nitrogen present in fertilizers. Slow-release fertilizers have been designed to overcome these issues and supply nutrients gradually and sustainably. Biochar, a solid material rich in carbon derived from biomass, can reduce nutrient loss in soil and extend the effectiveness of fertilizers in promoting plant uptake. In the present study, a slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is prepared using biochar obtained by pyrolysis of a banana leaf sheath (BLS) at 500 °C for 3 h. The BLS biochar and nutrient-loaded BLS (NBLS) biochar exhibited significant water absorbance capacity, water retention capacity, swelling ratio, and equilibrium water content, which would support the maintenance of water levels in soils. The lower salt index values of the prepared fertilizer showed its potential to be used as a sustainable and clean fertilizer. The prepared BLS and NBLS biochar were also characterized by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer− Emmett−Teller (BET) methods. The FT-IR spectra of both BLS and NBLS biochar demonstrate the existence of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, esters, and phenols. The peak at 1423 cm −1 in NBLS biochar corresponds to the vibration of NH 4+ confirming nutrient loading. A minor phase change was noticed in the intensities of NBLS biochar, which may be attributed to the absorption of nutrients into the structure of biochar. TGA analysis confirmed the stability of BLS and NBLS Biochar. SEM analysis demonstrates a highly porous structure of the biochar samples due to the release of volatile matter from the biomass. The BET-specific surface area of BLS and NBLS biochar was 43.216 and 35.014 m 2 /g, respectively. Nutrient release studies showed an incremental increase in the nitrogen release percentage over a period of 16 h. The gradual supply of nitrogen to the plants over an extended period demonstrated by the prepared slow-release fertilizer confirms its potential to reduce the leaching loss commonly observed in conventional chemical fertilizers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Waste-Derived Biochar-Based Nitrogenous Fertilizer for Slow-Release Applications

Ramesh,

Raghavan

2024

ACS Omega

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“…With the increased temperature, the peak intensity gradually rose, including the release of CH 4 during the pyrolysis. The small peaks in this range may be caused by the degradation of cellulose [51]. The peaks between 1750 and 1700 cm -1 weakened with the increased temperature, which corresponded to the stretching vibration of the C=O bond, and almost disappeared at 500 °C.…”

Section: Comprehensive Pyrolysis Performancementioning

confidence: 97%

Gas-to-Biochar Byproducts of Pyrolysis and Gasification of Star Anise Biomass

Cao,

Luo,

et al. 2024

International Journal of Energy Research

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In a transition to a circular economy, second-generation biomass energy has come to the forefront. The present study is aimed at characterizing biochar and byproducts of the pyrolysis of star anise residue (ANI) in the N2 and CO2 atmospheres as well as the kinetics and optimal reaction mechanisms based on the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Coats-Redfern methods. The ANI pyrolysis involved three stages, with the first one (161.5–559.1°C) as the main phase. The activation energy was lower in the N2 atmosphere than in the CO2 atmosphere (179.44–190.17 kJ/mol). The primary volatile products generated during the ANI pyrolysis were small molecule products (H2O, CO2, CO, and CH4), organic acids, alcohols, and ketones. The atmosphere type exerted a minimal impact on the types of gases released, with the CO2 atmosphere increasing CO and CH4 emissions. The pyrolytic oil of ANI contained a variety of organic compounds, including alcohols, phenols, ketones, acids, sugars, and other nitrogen- and oxygen-containing cyclic compounds, with its predominant compounds being acids, esters, ketones, and sugars. The elevated temperature range of 300–700°C enhanced the charring degree of the ANI biochar. The biochar showed stronger aromaticity in the CO2 atmosphere but better granularity in the N2 atmosphere. This study introduced an innovative perspective by showcasing the potential of ANI as a promising biomass source for energy generation and underscored its abundance, sustainability, and applicability as a raw material in fragrance production. It also emphasized the significance of CO2-reuse technology as a means to mitigate CO2 emissions. The findings of this work offer a theoretical and practical basis for the comprehensive utilization and efficient disposal of star anise residues.

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“…The efficiency of the carbonization process was evaluated by determining the mass yield. The mass yield of each sample was calculated by dividing the mass of the carbonized product by the mass of the raw product initially introduced [13]. After the carbonization process, the biochar was removed from the furnace and ground into fine particles to allow more contact with the binder.…”

Section: Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the materials were removed immediately from the carbonizer and stored to cool. The amount of char produced during carbonization was calculated using the following formula [13].…”

Section: Experimental Procedures For Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of briquettes developed from water hyacinth and groundnut shell blends-The case of Lake Tana

Amare,

Alemayehu,

Fissiha

2024

Preprint

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Background Ethiopia’s energy relies mainly on biomass sources, residues of crops and animal dung collections. Over 90% of domestic energy needs in Ethiopia are met by biomass, which contributes to deforestation and climate change. This study investigates the usage of water hyacinth and country’s largely produced agricultural waste (groundnut shells) for the production of briquettes using potato peels as a binder. Methods Water hyacinth, groundnut shells, and potato peel waste were used for production of briquettes. Briquettes were prepared using three parameters; temperature (350 ℃, 450 ℃ and 550 ℃), particle size (0.5, 1 and 1.5mm) and mixing ratio (25%, 50% and 75%). Physical properties and calorific values for the developed briquettes were determined using FTIR machine and bomb calorimeter. Central composite design by the design expert was used to design the experiment, and response surface methodology was used to optimize the calorific value of the produced briquettes. Statistical analysis tool such as analysis of variance was employed to show whether the process variables were statistically significant on the response variable (P < 0.05). Results The developed briquettes had the highest calorific value, 25.52 MJ/kg. The maximum bulk density and durability of the produced briquettes were 0.553% and 97.86%, respectively. The moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon content of water hyacinth biomass were 8.14%, 68.49%, 10.3% and 13.06%, respectively. The moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon of the groundnut shells were 9.2%, 66.84%, 3.615% and 20.34%, respectively. The produced briquettes had a moisture content ranging from 8.470–11.760%, and ash content ranging from 5.850–8.750%. Temperature, particle size and mixing ratio were statistically significant on the calorific value of the briquettes (p < 0.05). The optimised briquettes have a calorific value of 24.544 MJ/kg, at a temperature, particle size and mixing ratio of 453.380℃, 0.999 mm, and 50%, respectively. Conclusion The produced briquettes had good calorific value, bulk density and durability, and were suitable for cooking and heating purposes. This revealed that agricultural wastes could be used to augment the energy sources pool to protect the environment and create social stability in the community.

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Preparation and Characterization of Biochars Obtained from Biomasses for Combustible Briquette Applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Agricultural Waste-Derived Biochar-Based Nitrogenous Fertilizer for Slow-Release Applications

Agricultural Waste-Derived Biochar-Based Nitrogenous Fertilizer for Slow-Release Applications

Gas-to-Biochar Byproducts of Pyrolysis and Gasification of Star Anise Biomass

Characterization of briquettes developed from water hyacinth and groundnut shell blends-The case of Lake Tana

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