Preparation and Characterization of an Oral Vaccine Formulation Using Electrosprayed Chitosan Microparticles

Abstract

Chitosan particles loaded with the antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and the adjuvant, Quil-A were produced by electrospray, using mixtures of water/ethanol/acetic acid as a solvent. Three different chitosan's designed as HMC + 70, HMC + 85 and HMC + 90 (designated as 705010, 855010 and 905010) were tested and its efficacy to be used in oral vaccine delivery applications was investigated. The morphology, size and zeta potential of the produced particles were investigated, together with the encapsulation efficiency and release of OVA from the three chitosan formulations. Moreover, the mucoadhesion and cytotoxicity the chitosan microparticles was examined. All the three formulations with OVA and Quil-A were in the micrometer size range and had a positive zeta potential between 46 to 75 mV. Furthermore, all the three formulations displayed encapsulation efficiencies above 80 % and the release of OVA over a period of 80 h was observed to be between 38-47 %. None of the developed formulations exhibited high mucoadhesive properties, either cytotoxicity. The formulation prepared with HMC + 70, OVA and Quil-A had the highest stability within 2 h in buffer solution, as measured by dynamic light scattering. The electrosprayed formulation consisting of HMC + 70 with OVA and Quil-A showed to be the most promising as an oral vaccine system.

Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Guar Films Impregnated with Relaxing Peptide Loaded into Chitosan Microparticles

“…For this purpose, the use of chitosan as one of the most effective polymers for improving the transmucosal absorption of molecules (the ability to open intercellular tight junctions), its mucoadhesive property, and permeability enhancement were shown in this study and in others [39][40][41][42][43]. Similar studies with other delivery systems with chitosan composition also showed a controlled release of protein/peptide [40,43].…”

Recent Advances in Encapsulation, Protection, and Oral Delivery of Bioactive Proteins and Peptides using Colloidal Systems

“…Vaccine-loaded microgels fabricated from a synthetic polymer were shown to be taken up by M-cells and simulate an immune response [154]. Various other kinds of CDSs have also been investigated for their potential of enhancing the efficacy of orally-administered vaccines, including starch microparticles [160], chitosan microparticles [161], hydrophobic polymer particles [162], phospholipid liposomes [157,163], W/O/W emulsions [164,165], and polymer nanoparticles [166].…”