Preparation and characterization of aluminum hypophosphite/reduced graphene oxide hybrid material as a flame retardant additive for PBT

Qi, Yanxia; Wu, Weihong; Liu, Xiaowei; Qu, Hongqiang; Xu, Jin-Quan

doi:10.1002/fam.2382

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is thought that the formation of acidic species which catalyzes the degradation of the polymers and the formation of flammable phosphine lower the TTI values. Similar trends are also observed in different metal hypophosphite containing polymers …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Various metal salts of hypophosphites including aluminum, lanthanum, cerium, magnesium, and calcium find use in fire‐retardant applications in different polymers. Although the flame‐retardant effect of aluminum hypophosphite is widely studied in different polymers, limited number of the studies examines the flame‐retardant effect of calcium hypophosphite (CaHP) . Jian et al investigated the flame‐retardant effect of three metal hypophosphites including aluminum hypophosphite, magnesium hypophosphite, and CaHP in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The flame‐retardant effect of calcium hypophosphite in various thermoplastic polymers

et al. 2019

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Summary The flame‐retardant behavior of calcium hypophosphite (CaHP) was investigated in different thermoplastic polymers including polyamide 6 (PA), poly (lactic acid) (PLA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and poly methyl metacrylate (PMMA). CaHP was used at three different amounts of 10, 20, and 30 wt%. The characterization of the composites was performed using limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL 94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mass loss calorimeter test. According to the test results, CaHP enhances the fire‐retardant properties in different levels depending on the polymer type. The CaHP exhibits its flame‐retardant effect via the formation of foamed char structure in the condensed phase and via the dilution and radical scavenging effect in the gas phase.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The flame‐retardant effect of calcium hypophosphite in various thermoplastic polymers

et al. 2019

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“…Zhu et al used expandable graphite and AHP to prepare flame‐retardant polystyrene (PS) composites, with 10‐wt% expandable graphite and 5‐wt% AHP, and the PS composites could pass the UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Qi et al found that polybutylene terephthalate with a 20‐wt% loading of AHP/reduced graphene oxide passed the UL‐94 V‐0 flame‐retardant test and decreased the PHRR. Liu et al found that the LOI for PLA with 20‐wt% intumescent flame retardant/AHP was 43.5 vol% and it could achieve UL‐94 V‐0 rating with no melt dripping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and smoke suppression of silicone foams with microcapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and zinc borate

Kang

Wang

Deng

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The flame‐retardant microcapsules were successfully fabricated with an aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) core. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to verify that AHP was encapsulated in the microcapsules, and thermogravimetry analysis showed that microencapsulated AHP (MAHP) possessed higher thermal stability than that of AHP. Then, a flame‐retardant and smoke suppression system for silicone foams (SiFs) was obtained through a synergistic effect of MAHP and zinc borate (2ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O). The mechanical properties, flame retardance, and smoke suppression of SiFs with MAHP and zinc borate were tested using the tensile test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, UL‐94 test, and cone calorimeter test. The mechanical properties indicated that the tensile strength and elongation at break of SiFs could evidently improve with the incorporation of MAHP. Compared with pure SiF, SiF8 with 4.5‐wt% MAHP and 1.5‐wt% zinc borate could achieve an LOI value of 30.7 vol% and an UL‐94 V‐0 rating, the time to ignition amplified almost six times, the peak heat release rate and total heat release were 51.10% and 46.00% less than that of pure SiF, respectively, the fire performance index increased nearly 13 times, and the fire growth index value was only 13.18% of pure SiF. Moreover, the partial substitution of zinc borate imparted a substantial improvement in both flame retardancy and smoke suppression. Especially, the peak smoke production rate and total smoke production of SiF8 were merely 38.46% and 38.84% of pure SiF.

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“…Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) is a kind of inorganic flame retardant and has attracted lots of attentions from researchers because of its high efficiency in flame retardance, but its use in LDPE is rare. The aim of this research was to explore the effects of AHP on the thermal behavior and flammability of LDPE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of using aluminum hypophosphite as a flame retardant for low‐density polyethylene

Tian

Wang

et al. 2017

Fire and Materials

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Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) was first used to improve the flame retardance of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The flame‐retardant properties of LDPE composites were investigated by the limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test (UL‐94), microscale combustion calorimetry, and cone calorimeter tests. The results showed that the incorporation of AHP could improve the flame retardancy of LDPE dramatically, the limiting oxygen index of LDPE containing 50 phr AHP reached 27.5%, and the UL‐94 could pass V‐0 rating. The cone calorimeter test results indicated that PP/AHP composite exhibited superior performance, and the heat release rate and the total heat release of composites were significantly reduced. In addition, the strength of the char was improved with the load of AHP increased. The structure of the char was researched by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive spectrometer, and the results revealed that AHP promoted the formation of compact char layer. The TG‐FTIR analyses proved that AHP could react with LDPE to reduce the production of olefin in gas phase. Moreover, the structure of P–O–C was found, and the effective mechanism of AHP in LDPE composites was also hypothesized in this work.

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Preparation and characterization of aluminum hypophosphite/reduced graphene oxide hybrid material as a flame retardant additive for PBT

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

The flame‐retardant effect of calcium hypophosphite in various thermoplastic polymers

The flame‐retardant effect of calcium hypophosphite in various thermoplastic polymers

Flame retardancy and smoke suppression of silicone foams with microcapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and zinc borate

Study of using aluminum hypophosphite as a flame retardant for low‐density polyethylene

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