Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from rubber-seed shell by physical activation with steam

Preparation and Characterization of Sisal Fiber-based Activated Carbon by Chemical Activation with Zinc Chloride

“…In principle, the activation methods of preparing activated carbons can be divided into two categories: chemical activation and physical activation. 4 In physical activation, a raw material is first carbonized, and the resulting char is secondarily activated under a flow of suitable gas such as steam, carbon dioxide, air or their mixtures. [5][6][7] In chemical activation, the raw material is impregnated with an activation reagent like H 3 PO 4 , KOH, ZnCl 2 or their mixtures.…”

Adsorption for Dyes on Activation Carbons from Japanese Cedar Wood Prepared by Precarbonization and Two-stage Composite Activations with Wood Ash and Steam

“…The initial adsorptive value of P200/300/400/500-0.25-750 in Fig. 1 was 301-321 cm 3 /g, and as the relative pressure P/P 0 increased, the adsorption volume rising slope was larger than 0.25-750, meaning pore size distribution was wide. In addition, as the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms are plain shaped under high relative pressure, when the P/P 0 approaches saturation, the isotherm trailing increases sharply [18], [50], [67], thus, it can be regarded as the result of limited nitrogen adsorption, meaning the adsorbate implements capillary condensation in mesopores, namely, the proportion of mesopores of the ACs is increased.…”

“…The activation methods for preparing activated carbons (ACs) can be divided into physical and chemical activation methods; physical activation carbonizes the precursor, and uses the activated gas for activation at high temperature [1]- [3]; chemical activation uses a chemical activating agent to dehydrate and oxidize the precursor, and simultaneously proceeds with carbonization and activation at a low temperature. The activating agents are mostly strong acid, strong base, or alkali earth containing metallics; some can erode, melt, or dehydrate the precursor and equipment, while Manuscript received May 16, 2017; revised July 31, 2017.…”

Influence of thermal treatment conditions on efficiency of PFA/MCM-48 composite and CMK-1 carbon replica in adsorption of volatile organic compounds

“…uniform composition, high carbon yield and low ash content) compared to the ACs prepared from the natural feedstock [12,13]. During the production of ACs, carbonization of a raw material, performed in the temperature range of 600-900°C under an inert atmosphere, is often followed by physical activation (for example, treatment with steam or CO 2 ) and/or chemical activation (for example, reaction with KOH, ZnCl 2 or H 3 PO 4 ), resulting in a development of surface area and pore volume of formed ACs as well as changes in their surface composition [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. A majority of ACs is microporous solids with very narrow channels, which can cause diffusion limitations restricting an access to inner adsorption centres and making ACs unregenerable [21][22][23][24].…”