Preparation and characterization of activated carbon produced from rice straw by (NH4)2HPO4 activation

Gao, Pin; Liu, Zhen-hong; Xue, Gang; Han, Bin; Zhou, Meihua

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.080

Cited by 107 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The typical yield range was 20% to 45% for the active carbons prepared from various biomasses by activation with H3PO4 or (NH4)2HPO4 (Kennedy et al 2004;Timur et al 2006;Rosas et al 2008;Gao et al 2011;Sun and Webley 2011). Hence, despite different precursors and preparation conditions, it is plausible that the yields of the ACMs agreed well with the values reported for the other biomass-based active carbons.…”

Section: Yieldsupporting

confidence: 65%

Forming Active Carbon Monoliths from H3PO4-loaded Sawdust with Addition of Peanut Shell Char

Tian

Qiao

2014

BioResources

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Peanut shell char (PSC) was converted into active carbon monoliths (ACMs) by adding a binder that was easy to make. The conversion process involved adding the PSC into H3PO4-loaded sawdust, extruding the mixture, and finally heating the resulting monoliths for different times. The properties of the resulting ACMs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The H3PO4-loaded sawdust could be used as a binder for converting powdered PSC into well-shaped ACMs without visual cracks. The resulting ACMs maintained their monolithic shape, even in water. The ACMs showed a much higher specific surface area (SSA, 850 to 915 m 2 /g) than the PSC (105 m 2 /g). The largest SSA (915 m 2 /g) was achieved by activation for 50 min. Increasing the activation time decreased the SSA and apparent density, but only slightly impacted the carbon structure. This research might lead to valueadded conversion of bio-chars.

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Section: Yieldsupporting

confidence: 65%

Forming Active Carbon Monoliths from H3PO4-loaded Sawdust with Addition of Peanut Shell Char

Tian

Qiao

2014

BioResources

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“…The higher Q m of MB indicates the JAS is a suitable precursor for preparation of activated carbon. Table 4 summarizes the adsorption capacity of MB by carbons prepared from various precursors in literature [7,19,[28][29][30][31][32]. It can be seen that the carbon prepared in this work has a relatively high monolayer adsorption capacity compared to many other activated carbons .…”

Section: Comparison With Other Activated Carbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, characterization and evaluation of mesoporous activated carbons from agricultural waste: Jerusalem artichoke stalk as an example

Luo

2014

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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This work explores the feasibility of Jerusalem artichoke stem (JAS), an agricultural waste, as an alternative precursor for fabrication of mesoporous activated carbon (MAC) via conventional ZnCl 2 activation. The as-prepared JAS-MACs were characterized by thermogravimetric, nitrogen gas adsorption isotherm and high resolution scanning electron microscopy analysis. The interacting effects of chemical dosage, activation temperature and time on the mesoporosity, mesopore volume and carbon yield were investigated, and further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, mesoporosity and mesopore volume of the JAS-MAC prepared under optimum condition were identified to be 1631 m 2 $g -1 , 90.16% and 1.11 cm 3 $g -1 , respectively. Compared with commercial activated carbons, this carbon exhibited a comparable monolayer adsorption capacity of 374.5 mg $g -1 for Methylene Blue dye. The findings suggest that RSM could be an effective approach for optimizing the pore structure of fabricated activated carbons.

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“…Possible materials to be used as adsorbents of H 2 S such as Fine Rubber Particle Media (FRPM) and crushed oyster shell have been tested by Wang [17] and Asaoka [18], respectively. Recently, the low-cost carbon-based materials such as agricultural wastes have been used as pollutant adsorbent such as rice husks [19], banana and orange peels [20], coconut shell [21], macadamia nut shells [22], fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches [23], rice straw [24]. Several studies have documented that activated carbon has been widely used as an adsorbent for achieving high water purification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal Modelling Based Experimental Study of Dissolved Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption From Waste Water Using Eggshell Based Activated Carbon

Habeeb¹,

Ramesh²,

Ali³

et al. 2017

MJAS

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This paper reports on the experimental work using batch process conducted to determine the adsorption capacity of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in the synthetic wastewater onto the activated carbon which is derived from the eggshell. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and particle size distribution have been used to characterize the prepared material. The raw materials of chicken eggshell are adopted to retrieve the carbon content which is then activated using KOH as the activation agent. The examined concentration of dissolved hydrogen sulfide is ranging from 100 to 500 ppm. The maximum adsorption capacity of the dissolved H 2 S onto the activated carbon is 289.3 mg/g and the equilibrium time is 6 hours. The examined pH value in this study is ranging from 4.5 to 5.5. The two well-known equilibrium adsorption isotherm models, i.e. the Langmuir and the Freundlich models, are employed. It is found that the adsorption isotherm capacity agrees very well to the Freundlich isotherm model. This paper attempts to show the difficulties of converting CaCO 3 to carbon due to the fact that the raw material contains higher calcium (Ca) content instead of carbon. It is concluded that the carbon derived from the chickens' eggshells is very beneficial for treatment of dissolved H 2 S in waste water. Keywords: adsorption, hydrogen sulfide, chicken eggshells, activated carbon, isotherm AbstrakKajian ini melaporkan mengenai kerja eksperimen menggunakan proses kelompok yang dijalankan untuk menentukan kapasiti penjerapan hidrogen sulfida terlarut dalam air sisa sintetik ke dalam karbon yang diaktifkan dihasilkan daripada kulit telur. Spektroskopi Inframerah Fourier (FTIR), Spektroskopi X-ray Tenaga Serakan (EDX), Mikroskop Imbasan Elektron (SEM), dan taburan saiz zarah telah digunakan untuk mencirikan bahan yang disediakan. Kulit telur ayam sebagai bahan mentah telah digunakan untuk mendapatkan semula kandungan karbon yang kemudiannya diaktifkan dengan menggunakan KOH sebagai agen pengaktifan. Julat kepekatan hidrogen sulfida yang diperiksa adalah di antara 100 hingga 500 ppm. Kapasiti penjerapan maksimum H 2 S terlarut ke dalam karbon diaktifkan adalah 289.3 mg/g dan masa keseimbangan selama 6 jam. Julat nilai pH yang diperiksa dalam kajian ini di antara 4.5 hingga 5.5. Kedua-dua model penjerapan isoterma keseimbangan terkenal seperti model Freundlich dan Langmuir telah dilaksanakan. Kapasiti penjerapan isoterma didapati selari dengan model isoterma Langmuir. Kajian ini cuba menunjukkan kesukaran untuk menukar CaCO 3 kepada karbon disebabkan oleh bahan mentah

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Preparation and characterization of activated carbon produced from rice straw by (NH4)2HPO4 activation

Cited by 107 publications

References 11 publications

Forming Active Carbon Monoliths from H3PO4-loaded Sawdust with Addition of Peanut Shell Char

Forming Active Carbon Monoliths from H3PO4-loaded Sawdust with Addition of Peanut Shell Char

Fabrication, characterization and evaluation of mesoporous activated carbons from agricultural waste: Jerusalem artichoke stalk as an example

Isothermal Modelling Based Experimental Study of Dissolved Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption From Waste Water Using Eggshell Based Activated Carbon

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