Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from rice bran

Suzuki, Rúbia Michele; Andrade, A.D.; Sousa, José Carlos de; Rollemberg, M.C.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.08.001

Cited by 154 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A number of agricultural waste materials have being studied for the removal of different pollutants from aqueous solutions at different operating conditions. They include: cassava peel , sugar beet pulp (Aksu and İşoglu 2005), Nipha Palm (Wankasi et al 2006), rice bran (Suzuki et al 2007), coconut husk Tan et al, 2008), periwinkle shell (Bello et al 2008), orange peel (Ningchuan et al 2009), cocoa pod husk (Bello and Ahmad 2011), mango leaf (Khan et al 2011), coconut shell (Bello and Ahmad 2012), loquat leaves (Akl and Salem 2012), durian seed , TiO 2 /UV, , CNT/magnesium oxide composite , fertilizer waste, (Gupta et al 1998), waste material adsorbents (Mittal et al 2011), waste material adsorbents (Mittal et al 2009a), waste material adsorbents (Mittal et al 2009b), waste material adsorbents , tire derived carbons (Saleh and Gupta 2013), alumina-coated carbon nanotubes (Gupta et al 2011), industrial wastes (Jain et al 2003), Waste materials, , Multi-walled carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid-carbon paste electrode (Khani et al 2010), mesoporous activated carbon (Karthikeyan et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable conversion of agro-wastes into useful adsorbents

et al. 2016

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Preparation and characterization of raw and activated carbon derived from three different selected agricultural wastes: kola nut pod raw and activated (KNPR and KNPA), bean husk raw and activated (BHR and BHA) and coconut husk raw and activated (CHR and CHA) were investigated, respectively. Influences of carbonization and acid activation on the activated carbon were investigated using SEM, FTIR, EDX, pH pzc and Boehm titration techniques, respectively. Carbonization was done at 350°C for 2 h followed by activation with 0.3 M H 3 PO 4 (orthophosphoric acid). Results obtained from SEM, FTIR, and EDX revealed that, carbonization followed by acid activation had a significant influence on morphology and elemental composition of the samples. SEM showed welldeveloped pores on the surface of the precursors after acid treatment, FTIR spectra revealed reduction, broadening, disappearance or appearance of new peaks after acid activation. EDX results showed highest percentage of carbon by atom respectively in the order BHA [ KNPA [ CHA respectively. The pH pzc was found to be 5.32, 4.57 and 3.69 for KNPA, BHA and CHA, respectively. Boehm titration result compliments that of pH pzc , indicating that the surfaces of the prepared adsorbents are predominantly acidic. This study promotes a sustainable innovative use of agrowastes in the production of cheap and readily available activated carbons, thereby ensuring more affordable water and effluent treatment adsorbents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable conversion of agro-wastes into useful adsorbents

et al. 2016

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“…At 450 o C, diameter was observed in the range of 0.201-0.306. The undeveloped porosity on the surface changed to well-developed porosity as the temperature increased to 470 o C. The surface was observed clearer due to the decomposition removing impurities from the material [15]. Direct measurement from the micrograph showed that the average pore diameter was in the range of 0.430 -0.850.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Fe-sem Tg And Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast the uptake capacity for contact time and biosorbent amount showed a decreasing trend above 45 minutes and 1.5g respectively. This could be due to higher biosorbent dose causes electrostatic interactions with the medium and interference between the bindings sites [14][15]. …”

Section: Results and Discussion Fe-sem Tg And Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activated Carbon from Honeydew Rind as an Adsorbent in Zinc Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Yunus

Othman

Hamdan

et al. 2015

AMM

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Abstract. This study focusing in producing activated carbon (AC) from honeydew rind, a low-cost agricultural by-product, by chemical activation using H 2 SO 4 used as an adsorbent for the removal of zinc ions from aqueous solutions. Preparation method on the effect of surface morphology at different carbonization temperatures 450 o C, 470 o C, 490 o C and 510 o C was studied. The AC was characterized using FEM-SEM, FTIR and TG. Batch adsorptions were carried out to optimize different variables such as zinc concentration, contact time, pH and biosorbent amount. AAS analysis showed that the maximum adsorption of zinc onto honeydew rind AC was achieved at the conditions of pH 7.5, 1.5g biosorbent amount, 1000mg/L initial zn concentration and 45min contact time. The maximum metal uptake and maximum removal were 66.55mg/g and 99.79% respectively. IntroductionThe persistent and non biodegradable of heavy metals had triggered in depth study on removal of heavy metals in the receiving environmental. Zinc (Zn) is one of heavy metals residues from various massive chemical industries such as batteries, tanneries, metal plating, agrochemicals, petrochemicals and mining [1,2]. Daily recommended dose of Zn for men, women, children and infant is 15mg, 12mg, 10mg and 5mg respectively [3]. The residue of Zn enters the environment mainly through water stream as untreated wastewater. People who live near waste sites containing are likely to be exposed to zinc through breathing, drinking contaminated drinking water and the polluted water. There is therefore essential to remove this metal from wastewater in order to prevent from entering natural water bodies by polluted water containing the harmful metal [4,5].At present, a list of technologies have been designed and employed for heavy metal removal purpose namely precipitation, biological treatment, membrane-filtration process, fenton reagent and adsorption [6,7]. Despite of the efficiency in pollutants removal these methods have significant disadvantages, such as high chemical and energy requirements, hazardous sludge formation, low efficiency at low concentration of pollutants and high cost at large scale [8]. Nevertheless, despite of high cost of operational, adsorption using AC as adsorbent is the most efficient technique and produces the least drawbacks. Hence there is a new interest among researchers on exploring alternative precursor to produce a low cost adsorbent for wastewater treatment.Activated carbons (AC) are principally amorphous solids with large internal surface areas and pore volumes. This characteristic fit to many applications such as separation and purification technologies, catalytic processes, decolorization and wastewater treament [9,10]. To date, due to their adsorptive capacity, AC has been well known in the sorption of chemical species from aqueous solutions as adsorbent [11]. In spite of the fact that charcoal has been the oldest adsorbent known in wastewater treatment but the cost of operational of commercial ACs from this material is still high at US$2...

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“…It is known that porous carbon materials with a high specific surface area can be prepared by chemical activation with metallic compounds. Various chemical agents for porous carbon material activation have been studied, such as zinc chloride [5], and acid [6,7]. Recently, higher-specific-surface-area porous carbon materials with alkaline activation have attracted attention [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chemical species in alkali agents on pore structure at activated carbon of rice husks

Ono

Akasaka

Toda

et al. 2011

Trans. Mat. Res. Soc. Japan

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To understand effect of chemical reactions of the activation process on pore structures, the activated carbon materials were fabricated by two types of chemical agent for the activation process from rice husk ashes. NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 were used as a chemical agent. And their pore structure and hydrogen storage ability were estimated on temperature range from 77 to 298 K. The porous carbon activated by NaOH involved pores of 0.6, 1.1 and 1.5 nm diameter. The pore sizes in porous carbon activated by Na 2 CO 3 were 0.6 and 1.5 nm in diameter. These results indicated that pore structures could be controlled by chemical agents on the activation. The hydrogen storage ability of the porous carbon material activated by NaOH was the same as that activated by Na 2 CO 3 and the value was about 0.5 wt.% at 298 K. With a decrease in temperature, hydrogen storage ability was increased, and the difference of the maximum amount of stored hydrogen on these two porous carbon materials was made larger. The hydrogen storage ability at 77 K porous carbons activated by NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 indicated 3.7 and that for Na 2 CO 3 was 2.1 wt.%. From pore size distributions and temperature dependence, it was suggested that the size of pore for the hydrogen storage changed from 0.6 nm to both 0.6 and 1.1 nm with decreasing temperature.

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Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from rice bran

Cited by 154 publications

References 30 publications

Sustainable conversion of agro-wastes into useful adsorbents

Sustainable conversion of agro-wastes into useful adsorbents

Activated Carbon from Honeydew Rind as an Adsorbent in Zinc Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Effect of chemical species in alkali agents on pore structure at activated carbon of rice husks

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