“…49 hydrothermal treatment is performed by placing the PEO coated samples in the bottom of autoclave or in pressure controlled reactors containing neutral or alkaline aqueous solution and treated hydrothermally within the temperature range of 100-250 o C for 2-24 hrs at pH 7-11 [148], [149]. Figure 59 reveals the surface morphologies of the as-prepared TiO 2 films after pre-immersion in 0.1, 1, and 2 M K 2 HPO 4 for 10 min and then soaking in SBF solutions for 1, 2, 4, and 9 days [150].…”