Preparation and characterization of a series of high-energy and low-sensitivity composites with different desensitizers

Li, Yunqiu; Li, Bin; Zhang, Dan; Xie, Lifeng

doi:10.1039/d2nj00285j

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Subsequently, a large number of CL-20 cocrystals were successfully synthesized [ 5 ]. Through experimental tests and characterization of the material samples, it has been confirmed that the sensitivity of most CL-20 cocrystal energetic materials is significantly reduced and the safety is improved compared with CL-20 [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of the Impact-Sensitivity Reduction of Energetic CL-20/TNT Cocrystals: A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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High-energy low-sensitivity explosives are research objectives in the field of energetic materials, and the formation of cocrystals is an important method to improve the safety of explosives. However, the sensitivity reduction mechanism of cocrystal explosives is still unclear. In this study, CL-20/TNT, CL-20 and TNT crystals were taken as research objects. On the basis of the ReaxFF-lg reactive force field, the propagation process of the wave front in the crystals at different impact velocities was simulated. The molecular dynamics data were used to analyze the molecular structure changes and initial chemical reactions, and to explore the sensitivity reduction mechanism of the CL-20/TNT cocrystal. The results showed that the chemical reaction of the CL-20/TNT cocrystal, compared with the CL-20 single crystal, is different under different impact velocities. At an impact velocity of 2 km/s, polymerization and separation of the component molecules weakened the decomposition of CL-20. At an impact velocity of 3 km/s, the decay rates of CL-20 and TNT in the cocrystal decreased, and the intermediate products were enhanced, such as nitrogen oxides. At an impact velocity of 4 km/s, the cocrystal had little effect on the decay rates of the molecules and formation of CO2, but it enhanced formation of N2 and H2O. This may explain the reason for the impact-sensitivity reduction of the CL-20/TNT cocrystal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of the Impact-Sensitivity Reduction of Energetic CL-20/TNT Cocrystals: A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, research in energetic materials focuses on the development of modern energetic composites [ 1 ]. Through the progress of new high-energy and insensitive composites with elevated density, several issues have been addressed in recent years [ 1 , 2 ]. However, the most recently elaborated energetic formulations are still unable to substitute those actually employed in defense systems due to various drawbacks, such as incompatibility issues, poor thermal and physical stability, inappropriate energetic performance, and high cost, which restrict their further applications [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of New Energetic Composites Based on HNTO/AN Co-Crystal and Nitro-Cellulosic Materials

et al. 2023

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To develop advanced cellulose-based energetic composites, new types of high-energy-density formulations containing hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (HNTO)/ammonium nitrate (AN) cocrystals combined with nitrocellulose or nanostructured cellulose nitrate (NC and NMCC) were experimentally characterized. The prepared energetic formulations were analyzed in terms of their physicochemical properties, mechanical sensitivities, structural features, and thermal behavior. Their heats of combustion and theoretical energetic performance were assessed as well. Experimental results exhibited the inherent characteristics of the designed NC@HNTO/AN and NMCC@HNTO/AN, including improved density, specific impulse, and impact sensitivity compared to their raw compounds. Besides that, thermo-kinetic findings revealed that the as-prepared insensitive and high-energy-density composites undergo two exothermic decomposition processes, and that NC@HNTO/AN has higher thermal activity. The present study demonstrated the outstanding characteristics of the new composites and could serve as a reference for developing more advanced cellulose-based energetic formulations.

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“…In the last few decades, the development of new insensitive and high-energy dense composites has addressed a series of challenges in the field of materials chemistry and advanced applications (e.g., high performance solid propellants and insensitive composite explosives) [ 1 , 2 ]. For instance, the most newly developed energetic materials, are still not able to completely replace currently used ones in the military systems due to several problems including chemical incompatibility, low thermal stability, worse sensitivity, as well as high cost, which impede their further use in military systems [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaboration, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of New Nanoenergetic Composite Based on Hydrazine 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and Nanostructured Cellulose Nitrate

et al. 2022

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This research aims to develop new high-energy dense ordinary- and nano-energetic composites based on hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (HNTO) and nitrated cellulose and nanostructured nitrocellulose (NC and NMCC). The elaborated energetic formulations (HNTO/NC and HNTO/NMCC) were fully characterized in terms of their chemical compatibility, morphology, thermal stability, and energetic performance. The experimental findings implied that the designed HNTO/NC and HNTO/NMCC formulations have good compatibilities with attractive characteristics such as density greater than 1.780 g/cm3 and impact sensitivity around 6 J. Furthermore, theoretical performance calculations (EXPLO5 V6.04) displayed that the optimal composition of the as-prepared energetic composites yielded excellent specific impulses and detonation velocities, which increased from 205.7 s and 7908 m/s for HNTO/NC to 209.6 s and 8064 m/s for HNTO/NMCC. Moreover, deep insight on the multi-step kinetic behaviors of the as-prepared formulations was provided based on the measured DSC data combined with isoconversional kinetic methods. It is revealed that both energetic composites undergo three consecutive exothermic events with satisfactory activation energies in the range of 139–166 kJ/mol for HNTO/NC and 119–134 kJ/mol for HNTO/NMCC. Overall, this research displayed that the new developed nanoenergetic composite based on nitrated cellulose nanostructure could serve as a promising candidate for practical applications in solid rocket propellants and composite explosives.

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Preparation and characterization of a series of high-energy and low-sensitivity composites with different desensitizers

Abstract: A series of ultrafine CL-20 and HMX energetic composites with different insensitive agents (DOS, PVAc and PVB) were prepared by electrostatic spray method. The results show that desensitizers have significant...

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Mechanism of the Impact-Sensitivity Reduction of Energetic CL-20/TNT Cocrystals: A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study

Mechanism of the Impact-Sensitivity Reduction of Energetic CL-20/TNT Cocrystals: A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study

Development and Characterization of New Energetic Composites Based on HNTO/AN Co-Crystal and Nitro-Cellulosic Materials

Elaboration, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of New Nanoenergetic Composite Based on Hydrazine 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and Nanostructured Cellulose Nitrate

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