“…Dos Santos et al [10] reported that up to 10 mol% of gallium could be incorporated into the ␣-FeOOH structure, and it was concluded that the main effect of Gadoping was a reduced ␣-FeOOH crystallite size. Berry et al [11] prepared tin-doped ␣-FeOOH by the hydrothermal method. The authors found that originally added Sn 2+ ions were oxidized to Sn 4+ during the preparation procedure, and because the Fe 3+ reduction was not noticed it was concluded that the charge balance in tin-doped goethite was achieved by the formation of cation vacancies.…”