The coal gasification process produces a large amount of coal gasification slag (CGS), which enriches the heavy metals in the raw coal. The CGS will not only occupies land resources in the long-term storage, but also has potential ecological pollution risks. In this study, eight kinds of CGS samples from different regions of China were subjected, and their chemical composition and environmental risks were studied. Two leaching methods issued by the ministry of ecology and environment of China were used to carry out leaching experiments for evaluating the hazardous waste level of CGS. The results show that, among eight samples, the comprehensive potential ecological risk of all samples did not reach high risk, and there are two kinds of CGCS and two kinds of CGFS reach middle risk. In general, CGS is not hazardous solid wastes, most of which are Class I general industrial solid wastes, and a few are Class II general industrial solid wastes. These conclusions indicate that heavy metals in CGS have certain potential ecological risks. Under different leaching conditions, except for Be, the precipitation amount of heavy metals in CGS is basically within the limited range of relevant standards, but its environmental risks cannot be ignored.