Preparation and Application of Coumarone-Indene-Carbazole Resin as a Modifier of Road Petroleum Bitumen. 1. Influence of Carbazole:Raw Materials Ratio

Abstract

The possibility of effectively using carbazole as an improver of coumarone-indene resin for use as a modifier of petroleum bitumens is studied. All starting materials for the production of coumarone-indene-carbazole resin (CICR) were obtained from various products of the coal coking process. The influence of raw material composition (amount of carbazole added to an industrial indene-coumarone fraction) on resin yield and its modifying properties was studied. The optimal amounts of carbazole in the raw material were established, and it is recommended to use CICR as an adhesive additive to bitumen.

Obtaining and Use of Coumarone-Indene-Carbazole Resin as a Modifier of Road Petroleum Bitumen. 2. Setting the Type and Amount of Catalyst

“…The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the narrow coumarone-indene fraction are described earlier. 10 The second component of the raw materials (modifying agent), besides the narrow coumarone-indene fraction used to obtain coumarone-indene-carbazole resin, is carbazole. 10,11,13 The following substances are used as a catalyst to obtain coumarone-indene-carbazole resin:…”

“…Thermoplastic and adhesive characteristics of the investigated BND-1 and BND-2 oxidized petroleum road bitumen are represented in Table 1. To determine the adhesion of the original and modified bitumen to crushed stone, we used dense granite crushed stone made of natural stone of igneous rocks (fractions 5-20 and 20-40 mm) 10 selected at "Mokryansky stone quarry No. 3" LLC (Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine).…”

“…Bitumen was modified with CICR according to the method described in earlier publications. 10 Quality indicators of the resulting product allows making a conclusion about its compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents in the bituminous road construction materials field.…”

“…This article is a continuation of our previous publication, 10 aimed to study the influence of some abovementioned factors on the process.…”

“…Accordingly, bitumen has a decisive effect on the adhesion of the latter to the mineral material. As it was mentioned earlier, 10 the process of obtaining coumarone-indene-carbazole resin is influenced by certain factors that determine the depth (degree) of raw materials conversion, the quantity and quality of the target product, energy and material costs, etc.…”