Preparation and analysis of anodic aluminum oxide films with continuously tunable interpore distances

Qin, Xiufang; Zhang, Jinqiong; Meng, Xiaojuan; Deng, Chenhua; Zhang, Lifang; Ding, Guqiao; Zeng, Hao; Xu, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.048

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Among them, citric acid is a kind of widely used electrolyte system to fabricate PAA with large D int . To date, great efforts have been made to explore the proper electrochemical anodization conditions for citric acid, and PAA possessing large D int greater than 500 nm can be formed by anodizing in pure citric acid solution or the mixture solution of citric acid and other electrolytes333435. However, the obtained PAA films are disordered and the intrinsic self-ordered regime for citric acid is still unestablished by the current reported research works since anodization at higher potentials easily produce the catastrophic flow of electric current called “burning” or “breakdown events”, which causes the undesired non-uniform black oxides growth and makes the anodization cannot carry on32.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Self-Ordered Alumina Films with Large Interpore Distance by Janus Anodization in Citric Acid

Wen

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Self-organized porous anodic alumina (PAA) formed by electrochemical anodization have become a fundamental tool to develop various functional nanomaterials. However, it is still a great challenge to break the interpore distance (Dint) limit (500 nm) by using current anodization technologies of mild anodization (MA) and hard anodization (HA). Here, we reported a new anodization mode named “Janus anodization” (JA) to controllably fabricate self-ordered PAA with large Dint at high voltage of 350–400 V. JA naturally occurs as anodizing Al foils in citric acid solution, which possessing both the characteristics of MA and HA. The process can be divided into two stages: I, slow pore nucleation stage similar to MA; II, unequilibrium self-organization process similar to HA. The as-prepared films had the highest modulus (7.0 GPa) and hardness (127.2 GPa) values compared with the alumina obtained by MA and HA. The optical studies showed that the black films have low reflectance (<10 %) in the wavelength range of 250–1500 nm and photoluminescence property. Dint can be tuned between 645–884 nm by controlling citric acid concentration or anodization voltage. JA is a potential technology to efficiently and controllably fabricate microstructured or hybrid micro- and nanostructured materials with novel properties.

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confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Self-Ordered Alumina Films with Large Interpore Distance by Janus Anodization in Citric Acid

Wen

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The size of each unit cell in the ordered porous alumina was determined by the applied voltage during self-ordering anodizing [6,7]. Although to date several acidic electrolytes, including sulfuric [8], selenic [9], phosphonic [10], phosphoric [11], etidronic [12], dicarboxylic, [13] and these mixture acids [14,15], have been reported for self-ordering electrolytes, new, additional electrolytes must be continuously discovered and examined to increase the self-ordering voltage and corresponding cell size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of self-ordered porous alumina via anodizing in sulfate solutions

2016

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Self-ordered porous alumina was fabricated via anodizing in an acid salt electrolyte solution, sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO 4 ). High-purity aluminum specimens were anodized in a NaHSO 4 solution under various operating conditions with adjusted concentrations, temperatures, applied voltages, and times. Self-ordering was achieved via NaHSO 4 anodizing at appropriate applied voltages ranging from 20 to 28 V, and ordered cell arrangements with the cell size of 55-77 nm were successfully fabricated. Sulfur atoms originating from the electrolyte anions were incorporated into the ordered porous alumina. A honeycomb distribution consisting of a thick outer layer with a high concentration of sulfur and a very thin inner skeleton with a relatively low concentration sulfur was formed via NaHSO 4 anodizing. Our results suggested that there are now many electrolyte options for the fabrication of self-ordered porous alumina with a wide range of nanosizes.

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“…For self-ordering of the porous alumina, several appropriate acidic electrolytes (i.e., sulfuric (H 2 SO 4 ) [19,20], selenic (H 2 SeO 4 ) [21,22], oxalic (HOOC-COOH) [23][24][25], malonic (HOOC-CH 2 -COOH) [26][27][28], phosphoric (H 3 PO 4 ) [18,29,30], tartaric (HOOC-(CHOH) 2 -COOH) [27], phosphonoacetic ((HO) 2 P(O)CH 2 COOH)) [31], and etidronic (CH 3 C(OH)[PO(OH) 2 ] 2 ) acid [32,33]) have been previously reported. In addition, additional acidic electrolytes and the use of organic solvents have also been reported by several research groups for novel porous alumina with different nanomorphologies [34][35][36][37][38][39]. Anodic oxide including nanoparticles were successfully fabricated by anodizing using sputter coated aluminum alloys and oxide nanoparticle dispersion aluminum [40,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of a novel aluminum surface covered by numerous high-aspect-ratio anodic alumina nanofibers

Nakajima

Kikuchi

Natsui

et al. 2015

Applied Surface Science

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The formation behavior of anodic alumina nanofibers via anodizing in a concentrated pyrophosphoric acid under various conditions was investigated using electrochemical measurements and SEM/TEM observations. Pyrophosphoric acid anodizing at 293 K resulted in the formation of numerous anodic alumina nanofibers on an aluminum substrate through a thin barrier oxide and honeycomb oxide with narrow walls. However, long-term anodizing led to the chemical dissolution of the alumina nanofibers. The density of the anodic alumina nanofibers decreased as the applied voltage increased in the 10 to 75 V range. However, active electrochemical dissolution of the aluminum substrate occurred at a higher voltage of 90 V.Low temperature anodizing at 273 K resulted in the formation of long alumina nanofibers measuring several micrometers in length, even though a long processing time was required due to the low current density during the low temperature anodizing. In contrast, high temperature anodizing easily resulted in the formation and chemical dissolution of alumina nanofibers. The structural nanofeatures of the anodic alumina nanofibers were controlled by choosing of the appropriate electrochemical conditions, and numerous high-aspect-ratio alumina nanofibers (>100) can be successfully fabricated. The anodic alumina nanofibers consisted of a pure amorphous aluminum oxide without anions from the employed electrolyte.

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Preparation and analysis of anodic aluminum oxide films with continuously tunable interpore distances

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Fabrication of Self-Ordered Alumina Films with Large Interpore Distance by Janus Anodization in Citric Acid

Fabrication of Self-Ordered Alumina Films with Large Interpore Distance by Janus Anodization in Citric Acid

Fabrication of self-ordered porous alumina via anodizing in sulfate solutions

Fabrication of a novel aluminum surface covered by numerous high-aspect-ratio anodic alumina nanofibers

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