Preparation and analysis of a frozen mussel tissue reference material for the determination of trace organic constituents

Wise, Stephen A.; Benner, Bruce A.; Christensen, Richard G.; Koster, Barbara J.; Kurz, Joachim; Schantz, Michele M.; Zeisler, Rolf

doi:10.1021/es00022a003

Cited by 64 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The frozen fillets were pulverized in batches of approximately 350 g using the cryogenic procedure described previously [35]. The pulverized fish tissue was then homogenized in an aluminum mixing drum in two batches of approximately 40 kg each [11]. The mixing drum was designed to fit inside a liquid nitrogen vapor freezer and to rotate in the freezer thereby mixing the frozen tissue powder.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and chlorinated pesticides in a fish tissue standard reference material

et al. 2003

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The concentrations of a wide range of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides in a fish tissue Standard Reference Material (SRM) have been determined using multiple methods of analysis. This material, SRM 1946, Lake Superior Fish Tissue, was recently issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and complements a suite of marine environmental natural-matrix SRMs that are currently available from NIST for the determination of organic contaminants such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs, and chlorinated pesticides. SRM 1946 is a fresh tissue homogenate (frozen) prepared from filleted adult lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush namaycush) collected from the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior. SRM 1946 has certified and reference concentrations for PCB congeners, including the three non- ortho PCB congeners, and chlorinated pesticides. Certified concentrations are available for 30 PCB congeners and 15 chlorinated pesticides. Reference concentrations are available for 12 PCB congeners and 2 chlorinated pesticides. In addition, SRM 1946 is characterized for additional chemical constituents and properties: fatty acids, extractable fat, methylmercury, total mercury, selected trace elements, proximates, and caloric content. The characterization of chlorinated compounds is described in this paper with an emphasis on the approach used for the certification of the concentrations of PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides. The PCB congener and chlorinated pesticide data are also compared to concentrations in other marine natural-matrix reference materials available from NIST (fish oil, mussel tissue, whale blubber, and a second fresh frozen fish tissue homogenate prepared from filleted adult lake trout collected from Lake Michigan) and from other organizations such as the National Research Council Canada (ground whole carp), the International Atomic Energy Agency (fish homogenate), and the European Commission Joint Research Centre [fish oils (cod and mackerel) and mussel tissue].

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1990, SRM 1974, Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis) [11], was issued with the intent to satisfy the matrix requirements of organic …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and chlorinated pesticides in a fish tissue standard reference material

et al. 2003

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“…Traditionally PCB congeners not typically present in the environmental matrix were used as internal standards for quantitative purposes in an effort to have an isolated internal standard on a non-polar stationary phase with an ECD. Examples are PCB congeners 103 and 198; these were used for the determination of the concentrations of PCB congeners in SRMs 1974 [1], 1974a [8], and more recently 1946 [6]. For SRM 1974b, these congeners were used as internal standards for the GC-ECD analyses (methods 4-7, Fig.…”

Section: Pcbs and Pesticide Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1990 a fresh frozen mussel tissue homogenate Standard Reference Material (SRM) was issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in an effort to satisfy the matrix requirements of organic and inorganic analysts who routinely analyzed fresh tissue samples, most as part of marine pollution monitoring programs [1]. The goal was to meet the need for a material that consisted of a matrix that was as close as possible to a natural tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three new mussel tissue standard reference materials (SRMs) for the determination of organic contaminants

Poster

Schantz

Kucklick

et al. 2004

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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Three new mussel tissue standard reference materials (SRMs) have been developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the determination of the concentrations of organic contaminants. The most recently prepared material, SRM 1974b, is a fresh frozen tissue homogenate prepared from mussels ( Mytilus edulis) collected in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts. The other two materials, SRMs 2977 and 2978, are freeze-dried tissue homogenates prepared from mussels collected in Guanabara Bay, Brazil and Raritan Bay, New Jersey, respectively. All three new mussel tissue SRMs complement the current suite of marine natural-matrix SRMs available from NIST that are characterized for a wide range of contaminants (organic and inorganic). SRM 1974b has been developed to replace its predecessor SRM 1974a, Organics in Mussel Tissue, for which the supply is depleted. Similarly, SRMs 2977 and 2978 were developed to replace a previously available (supply depleted) freeze-dried version of SRM 1974a, SRM 2974, Organics in Freeze-Dried Mussel Tissue. SRM 1974b is the third in a series of fresh frozen mussel tissue homogenate SRMs prepared from mussels collected in Boston Harbor starting in 1988. SRM 1974b has certified concentration values for 22 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 31 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs), and 7 chlorinated pesticides. Reference values are provided for additional constituents: 16 PAHs, 8 PCBs plus total PCBs, 6 pesticides, total extractable organics, methylmercury, and 11 trace elements. PAH concentrations range from about 2 ng g(-1 )dry mass (cyclopenta[ cd]pyrene) to 180 ng g(-1 )dry mass (pyrene). PCB concentrations range from about 2 ng g(-1 )dry mass (PCB 157) to 120 ng g(-1 )dry mass (PCB 153). The reference value for total PCBs in SRM 1974b is (2020 +/- 420) ng g(-1 )dry mass. Pesticide concentrations range from about 4 ng g(-1 )dry mass (4,4'-DDT) to 40 ng g(-1 )dry mass (4,4'-DDE). SRM 2977 has certified values for 14 PAHs, 25 PCB congeners, 7 pesticides, 6 trace elements, and methylmercury. Reference values for 16 additional PAHs and 9 inorganic constituents are provided, and information values are given for 23 additional trace elements. SRM 2978 has certified and reference concentrations for 41 and 22 organic compounds, respectively, and contains contaminant levels similar to those of SRM 1974b. Organic contaminant levels in SRM 2977 (mussels from Guanabara Bay, Brazil) are typically a factor of 2 to 4 lower than those in SRM 1974b and SRM 2978. The organic contaminant concentrations in each new mussel tissue SRM are presented and compared in this paper. In addition, a chronological review of contaminant concentrations associated with mussels collected in Boston Harbor is discussed as well as a stability assessment of SRM 1974a.

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“…Cryogenic homogenization has been used successfully at NIST for the homogenization of a variety of specimen types including: human liver, adipose tissue, and hair; mussel, oyster, and fish tissues (liver and muscle); honey bees; marine mammal tissues (liver, kidney, muscle, and blubber); chicken tissue; and total human diet composites. This cryogenic homogenization procedure was used for the preparation of the first frozen tissue standard reference material issued at NIST, i.e., SRM 1974, Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis) (19 Within the NBSB a formal specimen access policy has been developed for the two marine mammal projects. The basic philosophy of this access policy was first developed for the AMMTAP (10,11) and was then formalized for the NMMTB project (15).…”

Section: Composite Vs Indivdual Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations in the Design of an Environmental Specimen Bank: Experiences of the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank Program

Wise¹,

Koster²

1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Since 1979 the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been involved in environmental specimen banking activities as part of the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NBSB). These activities have focused on the development of procedures for the collection, processing, analysis, and long-term storage of a variety of environmental specimens including: human liver, mussels and oysters, fish tissue (liver and muscle), marine mammal tissues (blubber, liver, and kidney), and marine sediments. The experiences of the NBSB can provide valuable information to assist in the design of new specimen bank efforts. Based on the experiences of the NBSB, the issues that should be addressed in the design and operation of a valid specimen bank program are presented. -Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 3): 61-67 (1995)

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Preparation and analysis of a frozen mussel tissue reference material for the determination of trace organic constituents

Cited by 64 publications

References 19 publications

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and chlorinated pesticides in a fish tissue standard reference material

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and chlorinated pesticides in a fish tissue standard reference material

Three new mussel tissue standard reference materials (SRMs) for the determination of organic contaminants

Considerations in the Design of an Environmental Specimen Bank: Experiences of the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank Program

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