Preoxidation and Activation of the Lignin Char: Carbonization and Oxidation Procedures

Sebbahi, Saloua; Ahmido, Adnane; Kifani‐Sahban, Fatima; Hajjaji, Souad El; Zoulalian, André

doi:10.1155/2014/972897

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Various chemical activators, such as KOH 10 , HCl, HNO 3 and H 3 PO 4 were utilized, along with temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 °C 60 . The surface area of the produced lignin‐based activated carbon was found to be between 86 and 1509 m 2 /g 9,61 . The results within the scope of the present study were found to be similar.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

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Lignin activated carbon obtained by a environmentally friendly green production process using deep eutectic solvents

Aydemir,

Ergun,

Gulsoy,

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The aim of this study was to produce activated carbon (AC) from lignin obtained with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) of choline chloride–lactic acid. For this, lignin particles were produced using the DES. The DES lignin (DES‐Lig) was modified with zinc dichloride, and the lignin activated carbon (lig‐AC) was produced by carbonization at 600 and 900 °C. In this study, the AC obtained from the commercial lignin was also used to determine the changes in the lig‐AC from the lignin obtained with the DES. The material properties were investigated using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the structural properties were investigated with X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) of the lig‐ACs. The commercial and DES‐Lig exhibited different microscopic morphologies. The surface area of the samples generally ranged from 504 to 698 g/cm2, and they included both micro‐ and mesopores according to SEM characterization. The XRD analysis showed that the ACs obtained have an amorphous structure, and thermogravimetric analysis of the ACs exhibited similar thermal behavior to that in the literature. The best morphological structure was found in the ACs prepared from lignin with the DES at 900 °C according to the results of SEM, TGA, XRD and BET analysis. The proximate analysis showed that the best ACs contain 1.5% moisture, 6.5% volatile matter, 5.5% ash content and 86.5% fixed carbon. According to the elemental analysis, the amounts of essential elements, including C, H, N and O were investigated, and the best activated carbon was determined to be the DES‐Lig at 900 °C according to BET and the proximate fixed carbon results.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…60 The surface area of the produced lignin-based activated carbon was found to be between 86 and 1509 m 2 /g. 9,61 The results within the scope of the present study were found to be similar.…”

Section: Samplessupporting

confidence: 79%

Lignin activated carbon obtained by a environmentally friendly green production process using deep eutectic solvents

Aydemir,

Ergun,

Gulsoy,

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…Duration of pre-treatment is 6 hours and pre-oxidation temperature is 245°C. Choice of the duration and the aforementioned temperature has been the subject of previous work [4]. The sample obtained under these conditions is called CL600 (245°C,6h,air).…”

Section: Procedures Of Pre-oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin and derivative charcoals: Functional groups involved in the adsorption phenomenon

Marouani¹,

Hrech²

2017

JMES

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“…Sun et al [9] activated corn straw lignin via a one-step activation with H 3 PO 4 for 120 min and at an activation temperature from 300 to 600 • C. They found that the highest surface area and pore volume were obtained at 500 • C (820 m 2 g −1 and 0.8 cm 3 g −1 , respectively). Slow pyrolysis of a commercial lignin powder was carried out at 600 • C for 2 h and the resulting char was physically activated with CO 2 [10]. They obtained a specific area of nearly 394 m 2 g −1 when activating at 700 • C for 1 h and, by performing a partial oxidation on the char prior to activation, they increased this value up to nearly 530 m 2 g −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Chemically and Physically Activated Carbons from Lignocellulosic Ethanol Lignin-Rich Stream via Hydrothermal Carbonization and Slow Pyrolysis Pretreatment

Miliotti¹,

Rosi

Bettucci³

et al. 2020

Energies

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The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility of producing activated carbons from the residual lignin stream of lignocellulosic ethanol biorefineries, as this represents an optimal opportunity to exploit a residual and renewable material in the perspective of sustainable bioeconomy, increasing biorefinery incomes by producing value-added bioproducts in conjunction with biofuels. Activated carbons (ACs) were produced via chemical (KOH) and physical (CO2) activation. Char samples were obtained by slow pyrolysis (SP) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Several HTC experiments were carried out by varying residence time (0.5–3 h) and reaction temperature (200–270 °C), in order to evaluate their influence on the product yield and on the morphological characteristics of the hydrochar (specific surface area, total pore volume and pore size distribution). ACs from hydrochars were compared with those obtained from pyrochar (via physical activation) and from the raw lignin-rich stream (via chemical activation). In both cases, by increasing the HTC temperature, the specific surface of the resulting activated carbons decreased from 630 to 77 m2 g−1 for physical activation and from 675 to 81 m2 g−1 for chemical activation, indicating that an increase in the severity of the hydrothermal pretreatment is deleterious for the activated carbons quality. In addition, the HTC aqueous samples were analyzed, with GC-MS and GC-FID. The results suggest that at low temperatures the reaction mechanisms are dominated by hydrolysis, instead when the temperature is increased to 270 °C, a more complex network of reactions takes place among which decarboxylation.

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Preoxidation and Activation of the Lignin Char: Carbonization and Oxidation Procedures

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Lignin activated carbon obtained by a environmentally friendly green production process using deep eutectic solvents

Lignin activated carbon obtained by a environmentally friendly green production process using deep eutectic solvents

Lignin and derivative charcoals: Functional groups involved in the adsorption phenomenon

Characterization of Chemically and Physically Activated Carbons from Lignocellulosic Ethanol Lignin-Rich Stream via Hydrothermal Carbonization and Slow Pyrolysis Pretreatment

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