Preoperative Vitreoretinal Interface Abnormalities on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography as Risk Factor for Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema After Phacoemulsification

Abstract

In this cohort, preoperative detection of epiretinal membrane by spectral domain OCT was a risk factor for PCME after cataract extraction. It is recommended to perform a spectral domain OCT before cataract surgery because the presence of an epiretinal membrane may be passed unnoticed by fundus examination.

Comparative study of optical coherence tomographic analysis of macula in preoperative and postoperative diabetic patients undergoing small incision cataract surgery

“…In this study OCT has been able to demonstrate a moderate correlation between retinal thickness and bestcorrected visual acuity, and it has been able to demonstrate 3 basic structural changes of the retina, i.e., diffuse retinal swelling, cystoid macular edema, and serous retinal detachment. Most of the studies in the literature showed [6][7][8] that mean CMT is statistically significant increase at 1 month after cataract surgery, which was maintained after 3 months, pointing out a possible leakage. Also, baseline CMT was thicker in eyes developing PCME, suggesting that increased CMT thickness may be a predisposing factor for Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema(PCME) or the presence of subclinical PCME, which may not be detected by OCT imaging systems.…”

Acute macular edema and serous detachment on the first day after phacoemulsification surgery: A case report

“…According to the authors, this may indicate that the development of CME may be influenced by other factors besides status of the vitreoretinal interface. 21 Recently the American authors reported the case of acute macular edema with serous retinal detachment after cataract surgery with standard intracameral cefuroxime prophylaxis in a vitrectomized eye. 22 …”

An Off-Label Application of Anti-VEGF in Refractory Posttraumatic Irvine-Gass Syndrome: A Case Report

“…Following intraocular surgery, Irvine-Gass syndrome (IGS) is the most common cause of unexpected visual diminution and is caused by cystoid macular oedema (CME) [1]. Probably due to its largely unknown aetiology, it causes a major therapeutic challenge.…”

“…The exact pathophysiology of CME in IGS remains unclear. The main hypotheses are based on acute intraocular inflammation and associated release of various chemical inflammatory mediators (prostaglandins, cytokines, endotoxin, and immune complex) during cataract surgery [1,2]. Via activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as an angiogenic inducer, this leads to increased vascular permeability of the perifoveal capillaries [3].…”

“…By increasing phosphorylation of the tight junction proteins, the blood-retina barrier breaks down, thereby contributing to the development of intraretinal macular oedema [4]. Recent studies on patients with macular oedema confirmed elevated levels of VEGF and interleukin-6 in ocular fluids [1,2]. The retina is initially resistant to the effect of local inflammatory mediators until prolonged exposure when increased vascular permeability of the perifoveal retinal capillaries occurs and CME manifests [1,5].…”