Preoperative severe pain, decreased function, and high anxiety levels increase preoperative anxiety in patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty

Abstract

Patients experience clinically significant anxiety from the time they are recommended to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a preoperative intervention regarding anxiety levels in patients undergoing TKA for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to evaluate whether patient characteristics affect the effectiveness of the intervention according to anxiety level. This retrospective observational study recruited 89 patients who underwent TKA under general anesthesia for knee OA. The preoperative intervention comprised rehabilitation education and an interview with an orthopedic surgeon regarding surgical preparation status. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered before and after the preoperative intervention. The mean STAI score significantly improved after the intervention. The proportion of patients with clinically meaningful state anxiety (CMSA) also significantly decreased after the intervention. There were no significant differences in demographic and social factors between the two groups. However, the patients whose CMSA status did not improve experienced severe pain, poor functional scores, and high anxiety scores. For patients undergoing TKA, the implementation of a patient-specific intervention, which consists of preoperative rehabilitation education and a surgeon interview, helps reduce preoperative anxiety. However, these interventions may not be effective in patients who present with severe pain, poor functional status, or high anxiety levels before surgery. Thus, higher levels of intervention for anxiety may be necessary.