Preoperative Serum GDF-15, Endothelin-1 Levels, and Intraoperative Factors as Short-Term Operative Risks for Patients Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery
Abstract:Objectives: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk score is widely used for the risk assessment of cardiac surgery. Serum biomarkers such as growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are also used to evaluate risk. We investigated the relationships between preoperative serum GDF-15, ET-1 levels, and intraoperative factors and short-term operative risks including acute kidney injury (AKI) for patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Methods: In total, 145 patients were included i… Show more
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