“…Different modalities are available for image-guided breast biopsy and localisation procedures, each of them with their own strengths and weaknesses [4][5][6]. The most appropriate method is chosen by radiologists for each individual case.…”
We summarise here the information to be provided to women and referring physicians about percutaneous breast biopsy and lesion localisation under imaging guidance. After explaining why a preoperative diagnosis with a percutaneous biopsy is preferred to surgical biopsy, we illustrate the criteria used by radiologists for choosing the most appropriate combination of device type for sampling and imaging technique for guidance. Then, we describe the commonly used devices, from fine-needle sampling to tissue biopsy with larger needles, namely core needle biopsy and vacuum-assisted biopsy, and how mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging work for targeting the lesion for sampling or localisation. The differences among the techniques available for localisation (carbon marking, metallic wire, radiotracer injection, radioactive seed, and magnetic seed localisation) are illustrated. Type and rate of possible complications are described and the issue of concomitant antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy is also addressed. The importance of pathological-radiological correlation is highlighted: when evaluating the results of any needle sampling, the radiologist must check the concordance between the cytology/pathology report of the sample and the radiological appearance of the biopsied lesion. We recommend that special attention is paid to a proper and tactful approach when communicating to the woman the need for tissue sampling as well as the possibility of cancer diagnosis, repeat tissue sampling, and or even surgery when tissue sampling shows a lesion with uncertain malignant potential (also referred to as "high-risk" or B3 lesions). Finally, seven frequently asked questions are answered.
“…Different modalities are available for image-guided breast biopsy and localisation procedures, each of them with their own strengths and weaknesses [4][5][6]. The most appropriate method is chosen by radiologists for each individual case.…”
We summarise here the information to be provided to women and referring physicians about percutaneous breast biopsy and lesion localisation under imaging guidance. After explaining why a preoperative diagnosis with a percutaneous biopsy is preferred to surgical biopsy, we illustrate the criteria used by radiologists for choosing the most appropriate combination of device type for sampling and imaging technique for guidance. Then, we describe the commonly used devices, from fine-needle sampling to tissue biopsy with larger needles, namely core needle biopsy and vacuum-assisted biopsy, and how mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging work for targeting the lesion for sampling or localisation. The differences among the techniques available for localisation (carbon marking, metallic wire, radiotracer injection, radioactive seed, and magnetic seed localisation) are illustrated. Type and rate of possible complications are described and the issue of concomitant antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy is also addressed. The importance of pathological-radiological correlation is highlighted: when evaluating the results of any needle sampling, the radiologist must check the concordance between the cytology/pathology report of the sample and the radiological appearance of the biopsied lesion. We recommend that special attention is paid to a proper and tactful approach when communicating to the woman the need for tissue sampling as well as the possibility of cancer diagnosis, repeat tissue sampling, and or even surgery when tissue sampling shows a lesion with uncertain malignant potential (also referred to as "high-risk" or B3 lesions). Finally, seven frequently asked questions are answered.
“…The problem of positive margins and reexcisions in BCS has been approached with numerous techniques 10 , 17 â 23 , addressing both macroscopic tumor localization and microscopic margin assessment. These include frozen section, imprint cytology, cavity shave margins, specimen radiography, micro-CT, radiofrequency spectroscopy, and numerous optical methods, to name just a few.…”
Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is a commonly utilized treatment for early stage breast cancers but has relatively high reexcision rates due to post-surgical identification of positive margins. A fast, specific, sensitive, easy-to-use tool for assessing margins intraoperatively could reduce the need for additional surgeries, and while many techniques have been explored, the clinical need is still unmet. We assess the potential of Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) for intraoperative margin assessment in BCS, using a passively or actively tumor-targeted iron oxide agent and two hardware devices: a hand-held Magnetic Particle detector for identifying residual tumor in the breast, and a small-bore MPI scanner for quickly imaging the tumor distribution in the excised specimen. Here, we present both hardware systems and demonstrate proof-of-concept detection and imaging of clinically relevant phantoms.
“…Methods for preoperative localization of breast lesions have evolved over time: wire guided surgery is the most common method. Other localization techniques can also be used, such as radioactive seeds, carbon tattooing or ultrasound guided clips, but they are all invasive procedures [2].Recent innovations in 3D surface imaging technology at affordable prices have paved the way to create personalized breast cancer models as an alternative non-invasive tumor localization procedure. These models are digital representations that provide accurate tumor locations on 3D optical scans of the breast surface, already accounting for the different breast shape deformations caused by the multi-modal radiological and surface imaging modalities, acquired in different instants of time and settings.…”
Breast conservative surgery (BCS) combined with radiotherapy has become the treatment of choice for the majority of women suffering from breast cancer. Every year approximately 2.1million new cases arise worldwide, but fortunately the 10-year survival rate now exceeds 80% mostly due to the early detection of non-palpable breast cancer. The accurate localization of the tumor is of utmost importance to decrease the re-excision rate and necessity of a second surgery, and also pivotal to the minimization of unaesthetic outcomes caused by these interventions. Nevertheless, 7 out of 10 patients will need invasive pre-operative localization and women will live long lives with the dire consequences of cancer treatments. Currently, it is up to the physicians to correlate multimodal 2-dimensial (2D) sectional images to the 3D space for surgical planning. The challenge is now focused on the technology to create an alternative non-invasive tumor location procedure that can be ethical and fit to the clinical set. This paper describes an automatic image segmentation and registration algorithm that fuses 3D optical scans of the breast surface, with interior radiological data for tumor characterization, to build a personalized digital breast model that can potentially be used as a non-invasive digital pre-operative localization technique, improving tumor visualization and surgery planning.
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