Abstract:Introduction: Preoperative hormonal stimulation with testosterone or estrogen is an emerging treatment modality for hypospadias, which can potentially improve surgical outcomes and reduce the risk of complications. This review aims to evaluate the current knowledge on preoperative hormonal stimulation in hypospadias. Methods: This study was a combination of a systematic review followed by a meta-regression analysis performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, DOAJ, and Cochrane. The study included randomized controlle… Show more
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