Intraoperative hypotension after induction or initiation of anaesthesia is a common complication in clinical practice. It has been associated with poor patient outcomes including increased perioperative morbidity and even mortality [1]. Some special patient populations, such as the elderly and pregnant women undergoing caesarean section, are particularly prone to developing significant anaesthesia-induced hypotension (AIH) due to their unique physiological characteristics. Hypotension after induction of general anaesthesia (PIH, postinduction hypotension) or administration of spinal anaesthesia (PSH, post-spinal hypotension) is common and profound in patients with intravas-