Prenylated Xanthone Composition of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen) Fruit Hull

Chaivisuthangkura, Apinya; Malaikaew, Yaowaluk; Chaovanalikit, A.; Jaratrungtawee, Amornmart; Panseeta, Panomwan; Ratananukul, Piniti; Suksamrarn, Sunit

doi:10.1365/s10337-008-0890-1

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…3,5 All solvents (acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, n -butanol, 2-propanol) and water were HPLC grade from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Cell culture reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and Gibco (Grand Island, NY).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spent medium and cells were extracted as previously described 21 prior to reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). 3 Glucuronidated/sulfated metabolites of α-MG were determined as previously described. 21 Identification and quantification of xanthones was based on retention time, UV spectrum, and five-point standard curves using pure (>98%) α-, γ-, and β-mangostins; 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone; gartanin; and garcinones D and E. When pure compounds were not available, identification was made by comparison with the retention time and UV spectrum reported in the literature 3,4 and the concentration estimated as α-MG equivalents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 α-Mangostin (α-MG, Figure 1) and γ-mangostin (γ-MG) are the most abundant xanthones in the pericarp of mangosteen fruit. 3,4 In vitro studies have consistently shown xanthones to possess antioxidant, 5,6 antiproliferative, 7 proapoptotic, 8,9 antimicrobial, 10 anti-inflammatory, 11,12 and anticarcinogenic activities. 8,9,13 Anti-inflammatory 11,14–16 and anticarcinogenic 17–19 activities have also been demonstrated in rodents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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α-Mangostin: Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Metabolism by Human Cells

Gutiérrez‐Orozco

Chitchumroonchokchai²,

Lesinski³

et al. 2013

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Information about the anti-inflammatory activity and metabolism of α-mangostin (α-MG), the most abundant xanthone in mangosteen fruit, in human cells is limited. On the basis of available literature, we hypothesized that α-MG will inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators by control and activated macrophage-like THP-1, hepatic HepG2, enterocyte-like Caco-2, and colon HT-29 human cell lines, as well as primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and that such activity would be influenced by the extent of metabolism of the xanthone. α-MG attenuated TNF-α and IL-8 secretion by the various cell lines but increased TNF-α output by both quiescent and LPS-treated MDM. The relative amounts of free and phase II metabolites of α-MG and other xanthones present in media 24 h after addition of α-MG was shown to vary by cell type and inflammatory insult. Increased transport of xanthones and their metabolites across Caco-2 cell monolayers suggests enhanced absorption during an inflammatory episode. The anti-inflammatory activities of xanthones and their metabolites in different tissues merit consideration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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α-Mangostin: Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Metabolism by Human Cells

Gutiérrez‐Orozco

Chitchumroonchokchai²,

Lesinski³

et al. 2013

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Five major prenylated xanthones including α-mangostin (1), γ-mangostin (2), garcinone C (3), garcinone D (4), and 8-desoxygartanin (5) (Figure 1 and Table 1) were purified from the fruit pericarp and identified by using NMR and MS analysis as previously described [32]. The purity of these xanthones exceeded 95%, as determined by LC analysis [37]. The crude extracts and purified xanthones (dried-form) were dissolved in absolute dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Merck, Germany) to a concentration of 8 mg/ml and used as stock solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antileptospiral activity of xanthones from Garcinia mangostanaand synergy of gamma-mangostin with penicillin G

Seesom

Jaratrungtawee

Suksamrarn

et al. 2013

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundLeptospirosis, one of the most widespread zoonotic infectious diseases worldwide, is caused by spirochetes bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The present study examined inhibitory activity of purified xanthones and crude extracts from Garcinia mangostana against both non-pathogenic and pathogenic leptospira. Synergy between γ-mangostin and penicillin G against leptospires was also determined.MethodsMinimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of crude extracts and purified xanthones from G. mangostana and penicillin G for a non-pathogenic (L. biflexa serovar Patoc) and pathogenic (L. interrogans serovar Bataviae, Autumnalis, Javanica and Saigon) leptospires were determined by using broth microdilution method and alamar blue. The synergy was evaluated by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index.ResultsThe results of broth microdilution test demonstrated that the crude extract and purified xanthones from mangosteen possessed antileptospiral activities. The crude extracts were active against all five serovars of test leptospira with MICs ranging from 200 to ≥ 800 μg/ml. Among the crude extracts and purified xanthones, garcinone C was the most active compound against both of pathogenic (MIC =100 μg/ml) and non-pathogenic leptospira (MIC = 200 μg/ml). However, these MIC values were higher than those of traditional antibiotics. Combinations of γ-mangostin with penicillin G generated synergistic effect against L. interrogans serovars Bataviae, Autumnalis and Javanica (FIC = 0.52, 0.50, and 0.04, respectively) and no interaction against L. biflexa serovar Patoc (FIC =0.75). However, antagonistic activity (FIC = 4.03) was observed in L. interrogans serovar Saigon.ConclusionsCrude extracts and purified xanthones from fruit pericarp of G. mangostana with significant antibacterial activity may be used to control leptospirosis. The combination of xanthone with antibiotic enhances the antileptospiral efficacy.

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“…The α-mangostin is the most abundant xanthone of G. mangostana; it yields 30-50% from pericarp [16,24]. Several studies have shown that α-mangostin has remarkable biological activities as antioxidant, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, antiallergy, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and α-mangostin inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inducing autophagy

Guzmán-Beltrán

Rubio-Badillo

Juárez

et al. 2016

International Immunopharmacology

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains as a global health problem. The prevalence of this infection is related to the association with other diseases, such as HIV, neglect treatment and misuse of antibiotics. Hence, the identification of new drugs is required to eradicate TB. Possible alternatives to existing antibiotics include pure compounds extracted from medicinal plants, which are an important source of antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and α-mangostin on Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth and bacterial survival in infected macrophages derived from the human THP-1 cell line and monocytes. Our results show that both compounds directly inhibit M. tuberculosis growth in liquid medium with Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of 250 and 62 μg/mL respectively, likely through preventing bacterial replication. In addition, NDGA and α-mangostin were able to induce autophagy in human cells at lower concentrations (7 and 6 μg/mL, respectively) and contributed to the elimination of intracellular bacteria. NDGA and α-mangostin could be candidates for coadjuvant therapy in cases of drug-resistant TB, and their ability to enhance the immune response by promoting autophagy might contribute to TB treatment.

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Prenylated Xanthone Composition of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen) Fruit Hull

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

α-Mangostin: Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Metabolism by Human Cells

α-Mangostin: Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Metabolism by Human Cells

Antileptospiral activity of xanthones from Garcinia mangostanaand synergy of gamma-mangostin with penicillin G

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and α-mangostin inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inducing autophagy

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