Prenatally administered HMB modifies the enamel surface roughness in spiny mice offspring: An atomic force microscopy study

A metabolite of leucine (β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate) given to sows during pregnancy alters bone development of their newborn offspring by hormonal modulation

“…However, the livers and kidneys weight increases in newborns delivered by dams supplemented with HMB during the middle period of gestation [43]. Moreover, HMB given at the daily dosage of 0.2 g/kg of body weight in mice from day 26 of gestation until parturition caused more significant changes in the enamel surface texture and resulted in greater reduction of roughness parameters, compared to the administration of 0.02 g/kg of body weight during the same period [8]. Given this result, the dose of HMB used in the current study in sows was similar to the dose applied to the mice.…”

“…To investigate the detrimental effects of HMB on the articular and growth plate cartilages and bone morphology, the sows were fed with a standard diet (control) and diet supplemented with HMB (0.2 g/kg of body weight/every day) in the morning meals from the 70 th to 90 th day of gestation. The dose of HMB was determined from a previous study, where we used HMB in a dose of 0.2 g/kg/every day and a significant effect on enamel surface development of the offspring was found at this dose [8]. In the present study, we also decided to perform the HMB treatment during the period from the 70 th to 90 th day of gestation.…”

“…Moreover, it has been also demonstrated in animal studies that prenatal administration of HMB has a positive impact on postnatal growth and development [7]. It has been proved that maternal supplementation of HMB affects the physical properties of the enamel surface in spiny mice offspring [8]. …”

Effect of Recasted Material Addition on the Quality of Metal‐Ceramic Bond: A Macro‐, Micro‐, and Nanostudy

“…Each specimen was analyzed three times, and the signal was detected from the area of about 600 × 800 µm. e metal surface roughness parameters (R q is the root-mean-square deviation of the roughness profile, R a is the arithmetical mean deviation of the roughness profile, R p is the maximum peak height of the roughness profile, R v is the maximum valley depth of the roughness profile, and R z is the maximum height of roughness profile) were determined with NT-MDT software application [13]. In order to determine surface roughness of the alloy, the areas of 10 × 10 μm were scanned with 512 × 512 data points in the semicontact mode using a silicon cantilever (NSG30; NT-MDT) 125 μm long, 4.0 μm thick with a tip radius of 10 nm, and the average resonance frequency of 300 kHz.…”

“…ese methods have also been used to evaluate the surface morphology [7]. AFM provides three-dimensional detailed topographical images of surface roughness on a nanometer scale and has been used in dental research [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Roughness could be defined as a complex role of irregularities or little indentations that characterize a surface and influence on, inter alia, metalceramic bond quality [15].…”