Prenatal Use of Medications by Women Giving Birth at a University Hospital

Splinter, Michele Y.; Sagraves, Rosalie; Nightengale, Brian; Rayburn, William

doi:10.1097/00007611-199705000-00006

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The significant amount of alimentary tract and metabolism drugs, found in all of the studies, is accounted for by the prescription of antiemetic drugs during the first trimester, especially domperidone, as shown in our study. The aim of our study was not to evaluate all the prescriptions made during pregnancy, as did most of the published studies, [9][10][11][12][13][14] but rather to identify risk prescriptions during the very early stages of pregnancy. A Dutch study [9] revealed that 2.4% of drugs prescribed during the first trimester belonged to the FDA category D X (demonstrated or highly suspected malformative risk) and therefore should be considered 'contraindicated' or 'not recommended'.…”

Section: Atc = Anatomical Therapeutic Chemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Exposure during the Periconceptional Period

Autret-Leca

Deligne²,

Leve

et al. 2011

Pediatric Drugs

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Section: Atc = Anatomical Therapeutic Chemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Exposure during the Periconceptional Period

Autret-Leca

Deligne²,

Leve

et al. 2011

Pediatric Drugs

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“…Medications may also be prescribed to treat conditions occurring during but unrelated to pregnancy such as upper respiratory infections, urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal upsets to name some. Also pregnant woman may be using medications to treat pre existing chronic conditions such as epilepsy, hypertension or psychiatric disorders or to treat pregnancy related disorders such as pregnancy induced hypertension, to induce labor or to facilitate lung maturity in the fetus expected to be delivered preterm[16]. Also this patient population may be exposed to any other agents that may have an adverse effect on fetus[8].…”

Section: Pregnancy and Drug Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Drug use in pregnancy; a point to ponder!

Sachdeva¹,

Patel²,

Bk³

2009

Indian J Pharm Sci

156

143

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Pregnancy is a special physiological condition where drug treatment presents a special concern because the physiology of pregnancy affects the pharmacokinetics of medications used and certain medications can reach the fetus and cause harm. Total avoidance of pharmacological treatment in pregnancy is not possible and may be dangerous because some women enter pregnancy with medical conditions that require ongoing and episodic treatment (e.g. asthma, epilepsy, hypertension). Also during pregnancy new medical problems can develop and old ones can be exacerbated (e.g. migraine, headache) requiring pharmacological therapy. The fact that certain drugs given during pregnancy may prove harmful to the unborn child is one of the classical problems in medical treatment. In 1960's pregnant ladies who ingested thalidomide gave birth to children with phocomalia. Various other examples of teratogenic effects of drugs are known. It has been documented that congenital abnormalities caused by human teratogenic drugs account for less than 1% of total congenital abnormalities. Hence in 1979, Food and Drug Administration developed a system that determines the teratogenic risk of drugs by considering the quality of data from animal and human studies. FDA classifies various drugs used in pregnancy into five categories, categories A, B, C, D and X. Category A is considered the safest category and category X is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy. This provides therapeutic guidance for the clinician. This article focuses on various aspects relating to drug use during pregnancy.

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“…[45] Consequently, a larger assortment of OTC drugs will be available to the pregnant mother. Industry has applied pressure to make certain drugs more accessible and, because of a presumed history of safety and the public perception that selfadministered therapies will hasten recovery, even more compounds will be transferred from prescription to nonprescription status.…”

Section: Potential Adverse Effects Of Over-the-counter Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industry has applied pressure to make certain drugs more accessible and, because of a presumed history of safety and the public perception that selfadministered therapies will hasten recovery, even more compounds will be transferred from prescription to nonprescription status. [45,47] Clearly, pregnant women are self-medicating themselves during a period of fetal vulnerability. Indeed, Rubin et al [46] reported that OTC preparations were used 1.5 times more often than prescription drugs during pregnancy; this figure is presumably underestimated because they failed to include vitamins in their study.…”

Section: Potential Adverse Effects Of Over-the-counter Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[45] Consequently, a larger assortment of OTC drugs will be available to the pregnant mother. [45] Indeed, the maternal characteristics associated with increased OTC medication use were Caucasian, smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day and drinking alcohol. It is disturbing to note that approximately 50% of products taken during pregnancy are OTC medications.…”

Section: Potential Adverse Effects Of Over-the-counter Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Over-the-Counter Drugs on the Unborn Child

Kacew

1999

Pediatric Drugs

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The developing organism is unique in its responsiveness to drugs. The predictability of therapeutic effectiveness and safety of drugs in pregnancy using the adult as a model for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can result in grave consequences in the fetus. There exists a general misconception that since over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are readily available, these pharmaceutical agents can be viewed as safe to use by adults. Ingestion of OTC preparations during pregnancy results in placental transfer and accumulation of these drugs in the fetus. As the fetus lacks the ability to handle pharmaceutical agents, since renal function, metabolic pathways, etc. are not fully developed, drug exposure in utero may produce deleterious effects in the fetus but not the mother. Clinicians are aware of drug-induced effects on the fetus and have dramatically reduced the use of prescription drugs during pregnancy. However, the use of self-medication (OTC) has significantly increased during pregnancy through extensive, effective advertising by the pharmaceutical industry and lack of sufficient data indicating an OTC effect on the fetus. However, the consequences of OTC drug use need to be established, since these compounds continue to be used extensively, especially during pregnancy.

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Prenatal Use of Medications by Women Giving Birth at a University Hospital

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Drug Exposure during the Periconceptional Period

Drug Exposure during the Periconceptional Period

Drug use in pregnancy; a point to ponder!

Effect of Over-the-Counter Drugs on the Unborn Child

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