Prenatal Survival of Mice Irradiated with Fission Neutrons or 300kVp X-rays during the Pronuclear-zygote Stage: Survival Curves, Effect of Dose Fractionation

Friedberg, Wallace; Hanneman, G D; Faulkner, D.N.; Darden, E.B.; Deal, R.B.

doi:10.1080/09553007314551461

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This is in striking contrast to the high RBE value of 4.5 for fission neutrons with respect to 300 kV X-rays found by Friedberg et al (1973) in the same experimental system. Secondly malformation incidence was low in all experimental groups and thirdly, interestingly growth retardation tended to be the major effect especially after pion irradiation.…”

Section: Diseussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…Of 104 eggs observed more than 89% were in the pronuclear-zygote stage at the time of irradiation, which is in very good agreement with the findings from Friedberg et al (1973). Of 104 eggs observed more than 89% were in the pronuclear-zygote stage at the time of irradiation, which is in very good agreement with the findings from Friedberg et al (1973).…”

Section: Stage Of Development During Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Low-dose effects of X-rays and negative pions on the pronuclear zygote stage of mouse embryos

Michel

Blattmann

Cordt-Riehle

et al. 1979

Radiat Environ Biophys

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Mouse embryos in the pronuclear-zygote stage (day 0 of gestation) were irradiated with 13.5 rad of 140kV X-rays or negative pions. On day 13 the fetuses were examined for developmental anomalies such as intrauterine death, growth retardation and malformations. Significant decreases in the percentage of normal implantations were obtained with peak pions (high LET) and X-rays, whereas the effect of plateau pions was less obvious. Irradiation with peak pions was more effective than with X-rays by a factor of about 1.7.

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Section: Diseussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Section: Stage Of Development During Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 84%

Low-dose effects of X-rays and negative pions on the pronuclear zygote stage of mouse embryos

Michel

Blattmann

Cordt-Riehle

et al. 1979

Radiat Environ Biophys

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“…Numerous articles using the rat and mouse confirm the all-or-none phenomenon (Job et al 1935;Russell 1950Russell , 1954Hicks et al 1953;Wilson et al 1953b;Russell and Russell 1956;Brent 1960aBrent , 1970Brent , 1999Brent and Bolden 1967a, 1968Coppenger and Brown 1967;Friedberg et al 1973;Schlesinger and Brent 1978;Roux et al 1983;Mazur 1984;Jacquet et al 1995;Adam 2012;Brent 2014b). Many other investigators have confirmed these findings, including Kim et al (2001), indicating no increase in malformations or growth retardation in mice following 2 Gy (gamma rays) at a preimplantation stage.…”

Section: The All-or-none Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 52%

Protection of the Gametes Embryo/Fetus From Prenatal Radiation Exposure

Brent¹

2015

Health Physics

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There is no convincing evidence of germline mutation manifest as heritable disease in the offspring of humans attributable to ionizing radiation, yet radiation clearly induces mutations in microbes and somatic cells of rodents and humans. Doses to the embryo estimated to be in the range of 0.15-0.2 Gy during the pre-implantation and pre-somite stages may increase the risk of embryonic loss. However, an increased risk of congenital malformations or growth retardation has not been observed in the surviving embryos. These results are primarily derived from mammalian animal studies and are referred to as the "all-or-none phenomenon." The tissue reaction effects of ionizing radiation (previously referred to as deterministic effects) are congenital malformations, mental retardation, decreased intelligence quotient, microcephaly, neurobehavioral effects, convulsive disorders, growth retardation (height and weight), and embryonic and fetal death (miscarriage, stillbirth). All these effects are consistent with having a threshold dose below which there is no increased risk. The risk of cancer in offspring that have been exposed to diagnostic x-ray procedures while in utero has been debated for 55 y. High doses to the embryo or fetus (e.g., >0.5 Gy) increase the risk of cancer. Most pregnant women exposed to x-ray procedures and other forms of ionizing radiation today received doses to the embryo or fetus <0.1 Gy. The risk of cancer in offspring exposed in utero at exposures <0.1 Gy is controversial and has not been fully resolved. Diagnostic imaging procedures using ionizing radiation that are clinically indicated for the pregnant patient and her fetus should be performed because the clinical benefits outweigh the potential oncogenic risks.

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“…4,5 An exposure of considerably less than that amount might result in an increased risk of death for the embryo if it occurred during the first day of development, but it is unlikely that a woman would even be aware of her pregnancy at that stage. 6 It is possible that repeated loss of embryos, as a result of many such early-stage exposures, could be misinterpreted as infertility.…”

Section: Radiation Risks During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Real-time data on proton intensity as a result of a satellite-based monitoring program is available online from the Space Environment Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 12 The FAA and the Space Environment Center have recently introduced an alert system that sends airlines a warning 6 1 in 1,700 (0.06%) 1. 3 1 in 7,700 (0.01%) 1.9 1 in 5,300 (0.02%) 7 1 in 1,400 (0.07%) 1.…”

Section: Solar Proton Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Flight Radiation Exposure During Pregnancy

Barish

2004

Obstetrics & Gynecology

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During high-altitude flight, the cosmic radiation dose rate in an airliner is greater than it is at ground level. For a casual traveler, the impact on pregnancy from cosmic radiation exposure during flight is trivial. Pregnant frequent flyers, pilots, and flight attendants can, however, receive exposures that exceed current recommended values if they do not appropriately modify their work schedules. In addition to the galactic cosmic-ray background that is the source of this radiation, severe disturbances on the sun may cause eruptions that significantly raise radiation levels at airliner altitudes for brief periods, possibly having an impact even on casual travelers. This article will help obstetrician-gynecologists provide advice to their pregnant patients about in-flight radiation risks. That advice should be influenced by an understanding of recommended radiation exposure limits and a perspective on how those limits relate to the potential for real harm. Resources provided by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration and others to help pregnant women and their physicians make informed decisions about the acceptability of this type of exposure are described.

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Prenatal Survival of Mice Irradiated with Fission Neutrons or 300kVp X-rays during the Pronuclear-zygote Stage: Survival Curves, Effect of Dose Fractionation

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

Low-dose effects of X-rays and negative pions on the pronuclear zygote stage of mouse embryos

Low-dose effects of X-rays and negative pions on the pronuclear zygote stage of mouse embryos

Protection of the Gametes Embryo/Fetus From Prenatal Radiation Exposure

In-Flight Radiation Exposure During Pregnancy

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