Prenatal substance exposure diagnosed at birth and infant involvement with child protective services

Prindle, John; Hammond, Ivy; Putnam‐Hornstein, Emily

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.002

Cited by 80 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Prenatal cannabis users tended to be younger than 25 years of age, single, and of low parity, compared with nonusers. They were also more likely to have lower income, less than a high school education, and public or no health insurance . Notably, three studies reported changes in the prevalence of prenatal cannabis use across years, suggesting an overall increase in use by pregnant women over time .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Prevalence and outcomes of prenatal recreational cannabis use in high‐income countries: a scoping review

Singh

Filion

Abenhaim

et al. 2019

BJOG

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Background With expanding recreational cannabis legalisation, pregnant women and their offspring are at risk of potentially harmful consequences. Objectives To assess the prevalence of recreational cannabis use among pregnant women, health outcomes associated with prenatal recreational cannabis use, and the potential impact of recreational cannabis legalisation on this population. Search strategy Five databases and the grey literature were systematically searched (2000–2019). Selection criteria Human studies published in English or French reporting on the prevalence of prenatal recreational cannabis use in high‐income countries. Data collection and analysis Data on study characteristics, prenatal substance use, and health outcomes were extracted and qualitatively synthesised. Main results Forty‐one publications met our inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of prenatal cannabis use varied substantially (min–max: 0.24–22.6%), with the greatest use in the first trimester. In the three studies with temporal data available, rates of prenatal cannabis use increased across years. Only 7/41 and 5/41 studies provided information on gestational age of exposure and frequency of use, respectively. The concomitant use of alcohol, illicit drugs, and tobacco was higher among cannabis users than nonusers. Prenatal cannabis use was associated with select neonatal, but not maternal, health outcomes. There were insufficient data to compare prenatal cannabis use between the pre‐ and post‐legalisation periods. Conclusion Cannabis use among pregnant women is prevalent and may be associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Future studies should assess the gestational age and frequency of cannabis exposure, and usage patterns prior to and following legalisation. Tweetable abstract Women who consume cannabis during pregnancy could risk predisposing their newborns to poor birth outcomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…After duplicates were removed, 6542 publications were screened by title and abstract. Of these, 109 were retrieved for full‐text review and 41 studies were included in our scoping review …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and outcomes of prenatal recreational cannabis use in high‐income countries: a scoping review

Singh

Filion

Abenhaim

et al. 2019

BJOG

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“…The analysis includes an estimated 95% of all live births in California during 2006, excluding births that occurred in military hospitals and at home. These linked data were previously used to evaluate CPS reporting among mothers with a history of documented substance abuse [ 20 ]. This study received human subject approvals from both state (CA HHS #09-12-51) and university (UCB #2010-01-592) institutional review boards and was additionally reviewed by all departments from which data were obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Mental Health Disorders and Reports to Child Protective Services: A Birth Cohort Study

Hammond

Eastman

Leventhal

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Background. Existing literature has documented a strong relationship between parental mental illness and child maltreatment, but little is known about the prevalence of mental illness among childbearing women. In the present study, linked administrative records were used to identify the prevalence of maternal mental health (MH) disorders documented at birth and determine the associated likelihood of maltreatment reports during infancy. Materials and Methods. Vital records for California’s 2006 birth cohort were linked to hospital discharge and Child Protective Services (CPS) records. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) billing codes from the mother’s delivery hospitalization were used to determine diagnosed maternal MH disorders for 551,232 infants born in 2006, and reports of alleged maltreatment were documented from CPS records. Vital birth records were used to control for sociodemographic factors. Finally, the associated risk of reported maltreatment during the first year of life was examined using generalized linear models. Results. Among infants in this statewide birth cohort, 2.8% were born to a mother with a documented MH disorder, of which 41.3% had documented maternal substance abuse issues versus less than 0.5% of infants born to mothers without a diagnosed MH disorder. Further, 34.6% of infants born to mothers with a MH disorder were reported to CPS within one year, and a majority of those reports were made within the first month of life (77.2%). In contrast, among children born to mothers without a MH disorder, 4.4% were reported to CPS during infancy. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, the rate of CPS reports during infancy for infants born to mothers with a MH disorder but no substance use disorder was 2.6 times that of infants born to mothers without a MH disorder (95% CI = 2.47, 2.73). Among infants born to mothers with MH and substance use disorders, the rate of CPS reports during infancy was 5.69 times that of infants born to mothers without a MH disorder (95% CI = 5.51, 5.87). Conclusions. Administrative records provide a method for identifying infants born to mothers with MH disorders, enabling researchers to track rates over time and generate population-level data to inform policy development and improve service delivery.

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“…The 16 research/evaluation articles included three large-scale studies in one state (Prindle, Hammond, & Putnam-Hornstein, 2018;Putnam-Hornstein, Prindle, & Leventhal, 2016) and a single county (Roberts & Nuru-Jeter, 2012) that investigated factors, including type of substance associated with whether newborns were reported to child welfare. Sun, Freese, and Fitzgerald (2007) explored whether the type of exposure was associated with case substantiation and future maltreatment.…”

Section: Type Of Substancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 16 research/evaluation articles, 11 examined newborn populations. These articles described the number of reports to child protection over time (França et al, 2016;Lynch et al, 2018), factors associated with whether reports were made (Prindle et al, 2018;Putnam-Hornstein et al, 2016;Roberts & Nuru-Jeter, 2012), whether these reports resulted in a substantiated case, subsequent maltreatment (Sun et al, 2007) as well as foster care placement (Doris et al, 2006). Program evaluations assessed whether enhanced treatment services for mothers, who were reported to child welfare, reduced the number of newborns prenatally exposed to substances (Ryan et al, 2008) and influenced child permanency outcomes (Huang & Ryan, 2011;McCann et al, 2010;Twomey et al, 2010).…”

Section: Age Of Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children prenatally exposed to alcohol and other drugs: what the literature tells us about child welfare information sources, policies, and practices to identify and care for children

Richards

Bertrand

Newburg-Rinn

et al. 2020

Journal of Public Child Welfare

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Prenatal substance exposure diagnosed at birth and infant involvement with child protective services

Cited by 80 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence and outcomes of prenatal recreational cannabis use in high‐income countries: a scoping review

Prevalence and outcomes of prenatal recreational cannabis use in high‐income countries: a scoping review

Maternal Mental Health Disorders and Reports to Child Protective Services: A Birth Cohort Study

Children prenatally exposed to alcohol and other drugs: what the literature tells us about child welfare information sources, policies, and practices to identify and care for children

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