Prenatal screening of pregnant women for infections caused by cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpesvirus, rubella, and Toxoplasma gondii

Hunter, Katherine; Stagno, Sergio; Capps, Elizabeth; Smith, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(83)90709-3

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Males Ghana [69] Malaysia [122] US-Texas [101] Australia [44] US-Washington [109] US-Alaska [117] US-Maryland [116] Germany [67] US-Alabama [119] US [40] US-Alabama [91] US-Texas [99] CMV Seroprevalence Ratios for Lower SES vs. Higher SES US-Virginia [28] US-Virginia [29] Chile [54] Canada [51] India [72] US-Washington [105] US [40] US-Washington [104] US-Alabama [85] US-Alabama [88] US-Kentucky [121] US-Texas [101] US-Texas [99] A: Race/ethnicity Summary prevalence ratio = 1.59 95% confidence interval = 1.57-1.61…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection

Cannon¹,

Schmid²,

Hyde³

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

1,265

928

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Cytomegalovirus establishes a lifelong latent infection following primary infection that can periodically reactivate with shedding of infectious virus. Primary infection, reactivation and reinfection during pregnancy can all lead to in utero transmission to the developing fetus. Congenital CMV infections are a major cause of permanent hearing loss and neurological impairment. In this literature review, we found that CMV infection was relatively common among women of reproductive age, with seroprevalence ranging from 45 to 100%. CMV seroprevalence tended to be highest in South America, Africa and Asia and lowest in Western Europe and United States. Within the United States, CMV seroprevalence showed substantial geographic variation as well, differing by as much as 30 percentage points between states, though differences might be explained by variation in the types of populations sampled. Worldwide, seroprevalence among non-whites tended to be 20-30 percentage points higher than that of whites (summary prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.57-1.61). Females generally had higher seroprevalences than males, although in most studies the differences were small (summary PR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.11-1.14). Persons of lower socioeconomic status were more likely to be CMV seropositive (summary PR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.32-1.35). Despite high seroprevalences in some populations, a substantial percentage of women of reproductive age are CMV seronegative and thus at risk of primary CMV infection during pregnancy. Future vaccine or educational campaigns to prevent primary infection in pregnant women may need to be tailored to suit the needs of different populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce sampling variability, we only included states that had at least 500 women tested. Studies were from Alabama [85][86][87][88][89][90][91], California [92,93], Minnesota [94], New York [24,26,95], Ohio [96], Pennsylvania [97], Texas [98][99][100][101][102], Virginia [28,29,103] and Washington [104][105][106][107][108][109] …”

Section: Race/ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection

Cannon¹,

Schmid²,

Hyde³

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

1,265

928

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Wahrscheinlich liegt die Seroprävalenz in Frankreich aufgrund besonderer Ernährungsgewohn-heiten sogar bei bis zu 90% [13]. In den USA hat die Seroprävalenz Toxoplasmaspezifischer Antikörper vor der Schwangerschaft seit den 80er-Jahren von 33-50% auf jetzt 10-30% signifikant abgenommen ( [5,14,15,16], J.S. Remington, persönliche Mitteilung).…”

Section: Epidemiologische Daten Zur Toxoplasmose In Der Schwangerschaftunclassified

Pr�valenz und Public-Health-Aspekte der Toxoplasmose

Groß

2004

Bundesgesundheitsbl - Gesundheitsforsch - Gesundheitsschutz

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Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common infectious diseases of man, which usually is not dangerous. Infection results from ingestion of cyst-containing meat products or by contact with oocyst-contaminated soil. Clinically relevant are (1) reactivation of latent infection in immunocompromised individuals or (2) primary infection during pregnancy with subsequent prenatal toxoplasmosis of the fetus. In Germany, law requires the prenatal infection to be reported to the Robert Koch-Institute. Since most Toxoplasma-infected children are asymptomatic at birth and later develop sequelae (retinochoroiditis) up to the age of 20 years, no valid epidemiological data are currently available for Germany. However, some studies indicate that seroprevalence correlates with age and that 26-54% of women of childbearing age have antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii; incidence rates during pregnancy have been calculated to be between 0.5 and 0.6%. Knowing the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii will help to maintain preventive measures for seronegative pregnant women, children, and immunocompromised individuals.

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“…During pregnan cy, the placenta and the fetus may be affected by primary and reactive infections [9][10][11][12][13], CMV infections are of great importance since they cause intrauterine fetal death and major organ anomalies [14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM Antibodies in the Sera of Postpartum Women and Cord Sera of Newborn Babies and Their Correlation with Socioeconomic Status

Fıçıcıoğlu¹,

Taşdemir²,

Gürbüz³

et al. 1996

Med Principles Pract

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Using the ELISA technique, cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG and IgM values were measured in the sera of 176 subjects who delivered healthy term infants and in the cord sera of their newborn babies. IgG was positive in 149 of 176 maternal sera and in 6 of 176 newborn cord sera. The subjects were classified into three socioeconomic levels: high, moderate and low. The distribution of IgG and IgM positivity among the three groups revealed significant differences (p < 0.05). The fetus and the placenta are affected during primary and reactive infections in pregnancy. The percentage of IgM-positive infants delivered by IgM-positive patients was found to be highly significant. CMV IgG is not always protective against reinfection. In our study, IgM was positive in 24 women in spite of IgG positivity. The distribution of CMV seropositivity was not significantly different with regard to age and parity. CMV infection is an important risk factor in pregnancy as it is the most frequent congenital and early postnatal infectious agent.

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Prenatal screening of pregnant women for infections caused by cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpesvirus, rubella, and Toxoplasma gondii

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection

Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection

Pr�valenz und Public-Health-Aspekte der Toxoplasmose

Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM Antibodies in the Sera of Postpartum Women and Cord Sera of Newborn Babies and Their Correlation with Socioeconomic Status

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