Prenatal phthalate exposure and 8-isoprostane among Mexican-American children with high prevalence of obesity

Abstract

Oxidative stress has been linked to many obesity-related conditions among children including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Exposure to environmental chemicals such as phthalates, ubiquitously found in humans, may also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress. We examined longitudinal changes of 8-isoprostane urinary concentrations, a validated biomarker of oxidative stress, and associations with maternal prenatal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites for 258 children at 5-, 9- and 14-years of age participating in a birth cohort residing in an agricultural area in California. Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, and in utero exposure has been also linked to altered lipid metabolism, as well as adverse birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. We found that median creatinine-corrected 8-isoprostane concentrations remained constant across all age groups and did not differ by sex. Total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively associated with 8-isoprostane in 14-year old children. No associations were observed between 8-isoprostane and BMI, BMI Z-score or waist circumference at any age. Concentrations of three metabolites of high molecular weight phthalates measured at 13 weeks gestation [monobenzyl, monocarboxyoctyl and monocarboxynonyl phthalates] were negatively associated with 8-isoprostane concentrations among 9 year olds. However, at 14 years of age, isoprostane concentrations were positively associated with two other metabolites (mono(2-ethylhexyl) and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalates) measured in early pregnancy. Longitudinal data on 8-isoprostane in this pediatric population with a high prevalence of obesity provides new insight on certain potential cardiometabolic risks of prenatal exposure to phthalates.

Systematic review and quality ranking of studies of two phthalate metabolites and anogenital distance, bone health, inflammation, and oxidative stress

“…Wu et al (2017) found that an IQR increase in MiBP was associated with a 17.8% increase in isoprostane (95% CI: 1.0%, 37.8%). Tran et al (2017) did not observe significant associations between phthalates measured in prenatal maternal urine samples and 8-isoprostane measured in children's urine samples collected at ages 5, 9, and 14.…”

“…Thirteen studies assessed measures of oxidative stress biomarkers with MEP or MiBP. The biomarkers included malondialdehyde measured in urine (MDA; Kim et al 2014;Duan et al 2017), gamma glutamyltransferase measured in serum (GGT; Ferguson et al 2011), bilirubin measured in serum (Ferguson et al 2012), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine measured in urine (8-OHdG; Ferguson et al 2014;Guo et al 2014;Ferguson, McElrath, Chen, et al 2015;Franken et al 2017;Lin et al 2017;Rocha et al 2017), and 8-isoprostane measured in urine (Ferguson et al 2014;Ferguson, McElrath, Chen, et al 2015;Holland et al 2016;Lin et al 2017;Tran et al 2017;Wu et al 2017). One study measured MEP in relation to genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of oxidative stressassociated genes (Wang and Karmaus 2017).…”

“…One study measured MEP in relation to genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of oxidative stressassociated genes (Wang and Karmaus 2017). Five of the studies measured oxidative stress in populations of children (Kim et al 2014;Franken et al 2017;Rocha et al 2017;Tran et al 2017;Wang and Karmaus 2017) and six studies used adultonly populations (Ferguson et al 2014;Guo et al 2014;Ferguson, McElrath, Chen, et al 2015;Holland et al 2016;Duan et al 2017;Wu et al 2017). Three studies examined populations of both children and adults (Ferguson et al 2011;2012;Lin et al 2017).…”

“…Three studies examined populations of both children and adults (Ferguson et al 2011;2012;Lin et al 2017). Thirteen of the studies were cross-sectional, and one was a cohort study (Tran et al 2017). DB scores ranged from 61 to 94% (11 to 17 of 18 possible points for the cross-sectional studies; 18 of 21 possible points for the cohort study).…”

Nonylphenol aggravates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high sucrose-high fat diet-treated rats

“…Recent studies have indicated that exposure to EEDs is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders 17,18 , such as steatosis 19 , obesity 20,21 , insulin resistance 22 , and type 2 diabetes 23 . Wei et al .…”